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	<title>Blogmath's-Toán THPT</title>
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		<item>
		<title>Chào  Xuân Canh Dần 2010</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2010/02/07/chao-xuan-canh-d%e1%ba%a7n-2010/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Feb 2010 23:01:02 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Nhân dịp năm mới chúc các em cùng gia đình đón một mùa xuân  ấm áp, sang năm mới học tập tốt, và gia đình an khang thịnh vượng!<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1290&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Nhân dịp năm mới chúc các em cùng gia đình đón một mùa xuân  ấm áp, sang năm mới học tập tốt, và gia đình an khang thịnh vượng!</strong></p>
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		<title>Trả lời cho em Thanh Huyền !</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/28/tr%e1%ba%a3-l%e1%bb%9di-cho-em-thanh-huy%e1%bb%81n/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 27 Apr 2009 17:14:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[em nhầm. cho chóp SABC.tam giác ABC vuông tại B có AB=a căn 2.BC=a.tam giác SAC đều.mp(SAC) vuông góc mp(ABC).tìm đường vuông góc chung của AC &#38;SB.tính khoảng cách giữa SB &#38; AC.em cảm ơn thầy ah !!!???? Bài giải: Tải về:<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1281&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>em nhầm. cho chóp SABC.tam giác ABC vuông tại B có AB=a căn 2.BC=a.tam giác SAC đều.mp(SAC) vuông góc mp(ABC).tìm đường vuông góc chung của AC &amp;SB.tính khoảng cách giữa SB &amp; AC.em cảm ơn thầy ah !!!????</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Bài giải: </strong></span></span></p>
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<p><a href="http://npanhhung.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/baitoanhay.doc">Tải về:</a></p>
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		<title>Một số bài toán về ĐT&amp;MP</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/20/m%e1%bb%99t-s%e1%bb%91-bai-toan-v%e1%bb%81-dtmp/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2009 15:29:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi ĐH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dạng toán về ĐT và MP trong không gian]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Thí dụ: Cho hai điểm và mặt phẳng . Tìm điểm sao cho là nhỏ nhất. Hướng dẩn giải: Đặt . Ta có Vậy về cùng một phía của Gọi là điểm đối xứng của qua Nối , Ta có Khi đó dễ chứng minh chính là điểm cần tìm( Bài toán cơ bản của phép [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1272&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Thí dụ:</span> </strong>Cho hai điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%28-1%3B3%3B-2%29%2CB%28-9%3B4%3B9%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(-1;3;-2),B(-9;4;9)' title='A(-1;3;-2),B(-9;4;9)' class='latex' /> và mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28P%29%3A2x-y%2Bz%2B1%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(P):2x-y+z+1=0' title='(P):2x-y+z+1=0' class='latex' />. Tìm điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M%5Cin%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M&#92;in(P)' title='M&#92;in(P)' class='latex' /> sao cho <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AM%2BBM&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='AM+BM' title='AM+BM' class='latex' /> là nhỏ nhất.</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Hướng dẩn giải:</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-1272"></span></span></p>
<p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%3By%3Bz%29%3D2x-y%2Bz%2B1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x;y;z)=2x-y+z+1' title='f(x;y;z)=2x-y+z+1' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28-1%3B3%3B-2%29%3D-6%3C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(-1;3;-2)=-6&lt;0' title='f(-1;3;-2)=-6&lt;0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28-9%3B4%3B9%29%3D-12%3C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(-9;4;9)=-12&lt;0' title='f(-9;4;9)=-12&lt;0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%2CB&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A,B' title='A,B' class='latex' /> về cùng một phía của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(P)' title='(P)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A_1' title='A_1' class='latex' /> là điểm đối xứng của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> qua <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(P)' title='(P)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Nối <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=BA_1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='BA_1' title='BA_1' class='latex' />, Ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%7BBA_1%7D%5Ccap+%28P%29%3DM&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='{BA_1}&#92;cap (P)=M' title='{BA_1}&#92;cap (P)=M' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Khi đó dễ chứng minh <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M' title='M' class='latex' /> chính là điểm cần tìm( Bài toán cơ bản của phép tính đối xứng qua mặt phẳng )</p>
<p>Gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A&#039;' title='A&#039;' class='latex' /> là hình chiếu của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> trên <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(P)' title='(P)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AA%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='AA&#039;' title='AA&#039;' class='latex' /> có dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D-1%2B2t+%5C%5C+y%3D3-t+%5C%5C+z%3D-2%2Bt+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1+2t &#92;&#92; y=3-t &#92;&#92; z=-2+t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1+2t &#92;&#92; y=3-t &#92;&#92; z=-2+t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27%28-1%2B2t%3B3-t%3B-2%2Bt%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A&#039;(-1+2t;3-t;-2+t)' title='A&#039;(-1+2t;3-t;-2+t)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Ta có phương trình sau để xác định t (dựa vào <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27+%5Cin+%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A&#039; &#92;in (P)' title='A&#039; &#92;in (P)' class='latex' />:</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%28-1%2B2t%29-%283-t%29%2B%28-2%2Bt%29%2B1%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2(-1+2t)-(3-t)+(-2+t)+1=0' title='2(-1+2t)-(3-t)+(-2+t)+1=0' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=6t-6%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='6t-6=0' title='6t-6=0' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t=1' title='t=1' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27%281%3B2%3B-1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A&#039;(1;2;-1)' title='A&#039;(1;2;-1)' class='latex' />. Do <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A&#039;' title='A&#039;' class='latex' /> là trung điểm của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=AA_1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='AA_1' title='AA_1' class='latex' />, nên có ngay <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A_1%283%3B1%3B0%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A_1(3;1;0)' title='A_1(3;1;0)' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BBA_1%7D%2812%3B-3%3B-9%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{BA_1}(12;-3;-9)' title='&#92;overrightarrow{BA_1}(12;-3;-9)' class='latex' /> cùng phương với vectơ <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%284%3B-1%3B-3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(4;-1;-3)' title='(4;-1;-3)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=BA_1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='BA_1' title='BA_1' class='latex' /> có dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D3%2B4t+%5C%5C+y%3D1-t+%5C%5C+z%3D-3t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=3+4t &#92;&#92; y=1-t &#92;&#92; z=-3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=3+4t &#92;&#92; y=1-t &#92;&#92; z=-3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Giả sử <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M%283%2B4t%27%3B1-t%27%3B-3t%27%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M(3+4t&#039;;1-t&#039;;-3t&#039;)' title='M(3+4t&#039;;1-t&#039;;-3t&#039;)' class='latex' />, khi đó ta có phương trình sau để xác định t&#8217;(dựa vào <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M+%5Cin+%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M &#92;in (P)' title='M &#92;in (P)' class='latex' />:</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%283%2B4t%27%29-%281-t%27%29-3t%27%2B1%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2(3+4t&#039;)-(1-t&#039;)-3t&#039;+1=0' title='2(3+4t&#039;)-(1-t&#039;)-3t&#039;+1=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M%28-1%3B2%3B3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M(-1;2;3)' title='M(-1;2;3)' class='latex' /> là điểm cần tìm</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong><span style="color:#000000;">Chú ý:</span></strong></span> <em><span style="color:#0000ff;">Nếu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%2CB&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A,B' title='A,B' class='latex' /> ở hai phía của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(P)' title='(P)' class='latex' /> , thì nếu gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M+%3D+AB+%5Ccap+%28P%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M = AB &#92;cap (P)' title='M = AB &#92;cap (P)' class='latex' />, Thì <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M' title='M' class='latex' /> chính là điểm</span></em> cần tìm.</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	
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		<title>Thêm 11 Đề+Đáp án ôn thi TNPT năm 2009(ST)</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/15/them-11-d%e1%bb%81dap-an-on-thi-tnpt-nam-2009st/</link>
		<comments>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/15/them-11-d%e1%bb%81dap-an-on-thi-tnpt-nam-2009st/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 14:39:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi TNPT]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/?p=1261</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Có hướng dẩn giải các em tham khảo.Chúc các em thành công ! Tải về:<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1261&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Có hướng dẩn giải các em tham khảo.Chúc các em thành công !</strong></span></p>
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<p><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><a href="http://npanhhung.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/bode-tn-2009-d-a_st.doc">Tải về:</a> </strong></span></p>
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		<title>Biện luận nghiệm phương trình bậc 3 bằng đại số</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/05/bi%e1%bb%87n-lu%e1%ba%adn-nghi%e1%bb%87m-ph%c6%b0%c6%a1ng-trinh-b%e1%ba%adc-3-b%e1%ba%b1ng-d%e1%ba%a1i-s%e1%bb%91/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Apr 2009 14:33:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Tư liệu]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/?p=1193</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nếu phương trình bậc 3 có dạng đơn giản : Thì dùng biệt số : Phương trình có 3 nghiệm đơn hương trình có 1 nghiệm đơn và 1 nghiệm kép : Phương trình có 1 nghiệm đơn Nếu phương trình bậc 3 có dạng    (I) Thì thường dò tìm 1 nghiệm của phương [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1193&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Nếu phương trình bậc 3 có dạng đơn giản :</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E3%2Bpx%2Bq%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^3+px+q=0' title='x^3+px+q=0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p>Thì dùng biệt số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3D4p%5E3%2B27q%5E2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta=4p^3+27q^2' title='&#92;Delta=4p^3+27q^2' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span id="more-1193"></span></p>
<ul>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&lt;0' title='&#92;Delta&lt;0' class='latex' />: Phương trình có 3 nghiệm đơn</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta=0' title='&#92;Delta=0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s1.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_razz.gif' alt=':P' class='wp-smiley' /> hương trình có 1 nghiệm đơn và 1 nghiệm kép</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&gt;0' title='&#92;Delta&gt;0' class='latex' />: Phương trình có 1 nghiệm đơn</li>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Nếu phương trình bậc 3 có dạng</strong></span></li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ax%5E3%2Bbx%5E2%2Bcx%2Bd%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0' title='ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0' class='latex' />   (I)</p></blockquote>
<p>Thì thường dò tìm 1 nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Calpha&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;alpha' title='&#92;alpha' class='latex' /> của phương trình rồi dùng phép chia đa thức để biến đổi:</p>
<p>                             (I)<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28x-%5Calpha%29%28ax%5E2%2BBx%2BC%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(x-&#92;alpha)(ax^2+Bx+C)=0' title='(x-&#92;alpha)(ax^2+Bx+C)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>và biện luận phương trình <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ax%5E2%2BBx%2BC%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ax^2+Bx+C=0' title='ax^2+Bx+C=0' class='latex' /> (II) để có kết quả</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Chú ý:</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>(I) có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Bb%2Bc%2Bd%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a+b+c+d=0' title='a+b+c+d=0' class='latex' /> thì có một nghiệm là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=1' title='x=1' class='latex' /></li>
<li>(I) có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a-b%2Bc-d%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a-b+c-d=0' title='a-b+c-d=0' class='latex' /> thì có một nghiệm là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D-1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=-1' title='x=-1' class='latex' /></li>
<li>(I) có nghiệm kép <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28II%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(II)' title='(II)' class='latex' /> có nghiêm kép hoặc (II) có nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D%5Calpha&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=&#92;alpha' title='x=&#92;alpha' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
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		<title>17 Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT môn Toán năm 2009</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/04/02/d%e1%bb%81-thi-th%e1%bb%ad-t%e1%bb%91t-nghi%e1%bb%87p-thpt-nam-2009/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 02 Apr 2009 16:14:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi TNPT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Các em tham khảo và giải có gì không hiểu trao đổi qua Blog này hoặc gặp trực tiếp nhé. Chúc các em thành công! Tải về :<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=951&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#000080;">Các em tham khảo và giải có gì không hiểu trao đổi qua Blog này hoặc gặp trực tiếp nhé. Chúc các em thành công!</span></p>
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		<title>Đường thẳng vuông góc với mặt phẳng</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/31/d%c6%b0%e1%bb%9dng-th%e1%ba%b3ng-vuong-goc-v%e1%bb%9bi-m%e1%ba%b7t-ph%e1%ba%b3ng/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2009 14:47:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Toán 11]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dạng 1: Phương pháp chứng minh đường thẳng vuông góc với mặt phẳng. Muốn chứng minh đường thẳng vuông góc với mặt phẳng ta chứng minh đường thẳng vuông góc với hai đường thẳng cắt nhau nằm trong mặt phẳng . Ví dụ: Cho hình chóp có và đáy là tam giác có trọng tâm [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=1001&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 1:</span> Phương pháp chứng minh đường thẳng vuông góc với mặt phẳng.</span></h2>
<blockquote><p>Muốn chứng minh đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> vuông góc với mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> ta chứng minh đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> vuông góc với hai đường thẳng cắt nhau nằm trong mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Ví dụ:</strong></span> Cho hình chóp <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S.ABCD&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='S.ABCD' title='S.ABCD' class='latex' /> có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SA%3DSB%3DSC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SA=SB=SC' title='SA=SB=SC' class='latex' /> và đáy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ABC' title='ABC' class='latex' /> là tam giác có trọng tâm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=G&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='G' title='G' class='latex' />. Chứng minh <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SG+%5Cbot+mp%28ABC%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SG &#92;bot mp(ABC)' title='SG &#92;bot mp(ABC)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Hướng dẫn giải:</span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-1001"></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="color:#ff0000;">Bước 1:</span> Vẽ <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SH+%5Cbot+mp%28ABC%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SH &#92;bot mp(ABC)' title='SH &#92;bot mp(ABC)' class='latex' />,<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H+%5Cin+%28ABC%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H &#92;in (ABC)' title='H &#92;in (ABC)' class='latex' /></p>
<p> <span style="color:#ff0000;">Bước 2:</span> Xét các tam giác vuông ở <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=HSA%2CHSB%2CHSC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='HSA,HSB,HSC' title='HSA,HSB,HSC' class='latex' /> </p>
<ul>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SH&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SH' title='SH' class='latex' /> chung</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SA%3DSB%3DSC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SA=SB=SC' title='SA=SB=SC' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CRightarrow+%5CDelta+HSA+%3D+%5CDelta+HSB+%3D+%5CDelta+HSC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Rightarrow &#92;Delta HSA = &#92;Delta HSB = &#92;Delta HSC' title='&#92;Rightarrow &#92;Delta HSA = &#92;Delta HSB = &#92;Delta HSC' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CRightarrow+HA+%3D+HB+%3D+HC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Rightarrow HA = HB = HC' title='&#92;Rightarrow HA = HB = HC' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CRightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Rightarrow' title='&#92;Rightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' /> là tâm đường tròn ngoại tiếp tam giác <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ABC' title='ABC' class='latex' />.</p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bước 3:</span> Tam giác <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ABC' title='ABC' class='latex' /> là tam giác đều nên trọng tâm truùngvới tâm đường tròn ngoại tiếp ngiã là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=G+%5Cequiv+H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='G &#92;equiv H' title='G &#92;equiv H' class='latex' />. Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SG+%5Cbot+mp%28ABC%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SG &#92;bot mp(ABC)' title='SG &#92;bot mp(ABC)' class='latex' /> (đpcm)</p>
<h2><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 2:</span> Góc giữa đường thẳng và mặt phẳng .</span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Phương pháp: </strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="color:#000000;">Tìm giao điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</span></strong></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="color:#000000;">Lấy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B%5Cin+d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='B&#92;in d' title='B&#92;in d' class='latex' /> và xác định hình chiếu (vuông góc ) của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' /> lên mp<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /></span></strong></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="color:#000000;">Vậy góc giữa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> và mp<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Calpha%3D%5Cwidehat%7BHAB%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;alpha=&#92;widehat{HAB}' title='&#92;alpha=&#92;widehat{HAB}' class='latex' /> </span></strong></span></p>
<h4><span style="color:#ff0000;">Chú ý:</span></h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Tam giác vuông cân có cạnh góc vuông bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> thì cạnh huyền bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%5Csqrt%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a&#92;sqrt{2}' title='a&#92;sqrt{2}' class='latex' /></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Tam giác vuông cân có cạnh huyền bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> thì cạnh góc vuông bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%7D%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt{2}}{2}' title='&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt{2}}{2}' class='latex' /></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Hình vuông có cạnh bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> thì đường chéo bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%5Csqrt%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a&#92;sqrt{2}' title='a&#92;sqrt{2}' class='latex' /></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Hình vuông có đường chéo bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> thì cạnh bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Csqrt%7B2%7D%7D%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt{2}}{2}' title='&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt{2}}{2}' class='latex' /></span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ví dụ:</span> </strong>Cho hình chóp <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S.ABCD&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='S.ABCD' title='S.ABCD' class='latex' /> có đáy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABCD&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ABCD' title='ABCD' class='latex' /> là hình vuông cạnh bằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SA+%5Cbot+%28ABCD%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SA &#92;bot (ABCD)' title='SA &#92;bot (ABCD)' class='latex' />. Biết <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SA%3D%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Csqrt+6%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SA=&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt 6}{3}' title='SA=&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt 6}{3}' class='latex' />. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Tính góc giữa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SC' title='SC' class='latex' /> và </span><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=mp%28ABCD%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='mp(ABCD)' title='mp(ABCD)' class='latex' />.</span></p>
<p> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Hướng dẫn giải:</span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>  <span style="color:#000000;">Vì AC là hình chiếu (vuông góc) của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SC' title='SC' class='latex' /> lên <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=mp%28ABCD%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='mp(ABCD)' title='mp(ABCD)' class='latex' /> nên góc giữa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SC' title='SC' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=mp%28ABCD%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='mp(ABCD)' title='mp(ABCD)' class='latex' /> là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cwidehat%7BSCA%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;widehat{SCA}' title='&#92;widehat{SCA}' class='latex' /></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#000000;">Tam giác <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=SAC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='SAC' title='SAC' class='latex' /> vuông tại <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' />. ta có :</span></li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">                       <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ctan%5Cwidehat%7BSCA%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;tan&#92;widehat{SCA}' title='&#92;tan&#92;widehat{SCA}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7BSA%7D%7BAC%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{SA}{AC}' title='&#92;frac{SA}{AC}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cfrac%7Ba%5Csqrt+6%7D%7B3%7D%7D%7Ba%5Csqrt+2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt 6}{3}}{a&#92;sqrt 2}' title='&#92;frac{&#92;frac{a&#92;sqrt 6}{3}}{a&#92;sqrt 2}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt+3%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt 3}{3}' title='&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt 3}{3}' class='latex' /></span>                       </p>
<p>                      <span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cwidehat%7BSCA%7D%3D30%5E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;widehat{SCA}=30^0' title='&#92;widehat{SCA}=30^0' class='latex' /></span></p>
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		<title>Ứng dụng các tính chất của hàm số vào bài toán giải phương trình và bất phương trình.</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/26/%e1%bb%a9ng-d%e1%bb%a5ng-cac-tinh-ch%e1%ba%a5t-c%e1%bb%a7a-ham-s%e1%bb%91-vao-bai-toan-gi%e1%ba%a3i-ph%c6%b0%c6%a1ng-trinh-va-b%e1%ba%a5t-ph%c6%b0%c6%a1ng-trinh/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2009 17:14:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi ĐH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Giải tích]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Phương trình mũ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Ứng dụng các tính chất của hàm số vào bài toán giải phương trình, bất phương trình Nhằm giúp các bạn học sinh có thêm sự lựa chọn công cụ trong việc giải tìm nghiệm của phương trình, bất phương trình, hệ phương trình &#8230; Tôi xin trình bày một số ví dụ về bài [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=940&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2 style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Ứng dụng các tính chất của hàm số vào bài toán giải phương trình, bất phương trình</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">Nhằm giúp các bạn học sinh có thêm sự lựa chọn công cụ trong việc giải tìm nghiệm của phương trình, bất phương trình, hệ phương trình &#8230; Tôi xin trình bày một số ví dụ về bài toán giải phương trình, bất phương trình&#8230; bằng cách sử dụng các tính chất của hàm số.</span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Bài toán 1:</strong></span></span> Giải phương trình: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3%5Ex%2B4%5Ex%3D5%5Ex&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3^x+4^x=5^x' title='3^x+4^x=5^x' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span id="more-940"></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Hướng dẫn:</strong></span></span></p>
<p>Do <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=5%5Ex%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='5^x&gt;0' title='5^x&gt;0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cforall%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;forall{x}' title='&#92;forall{x}' class='latex' /> nên chia hai vế của phương trình cho <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=5%5Ex&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='5^x' title='5^x' class='latex' /> ta được phương trình tương đương :</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%28%7B%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B5%7D%7D%5Cright%29%5Ex%2B%5Cleft%28%7B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B5%7D%7D+%5Cright%29%5Ex%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left({&#92;frac{3}{5}}&#92;right)^x+&#92;left({&#92;frac{4}{5}} &#92;right)^x=1' title='&#92;left({&#92;frac{3}{5}}&#92;right)^x+&#92;left({&#92;frac{4}{5}} &#92;right)^x=1' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Xét hàm số : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cleft%28%7B%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B5%7D%7D%5Cright%29%5Ex%2B%5Cleft%28%7B%5Cfrac%7B4%7D%7B5%7D%7D+%5Cright%29%5Ex&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;left({&#92;frac{3}{5}}&#92;right)^x+&#92;left({&#92;frac{4}{5}} &#92;right)^x' title='f(x)=&#92;left({&#92;frac{3}{5}}&#92;right)^x+&#92;left({&#92;frac{4}{5}} &#92;right)^x' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Ta có hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> là hàm số giảm , do vậy phương trình <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=1' title='f(x)=1' class='latex' /> có nhiều nhất là một nghiệm</p>
<p>Mặt khác ta có : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%282%29%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(2)=1' title='f(2)=1' class='latex' /> suy ra <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=2' title='x=2' class='latex' /> là một nghiệm của phương trình<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=1' title='f(x)=1' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Từ kết quả trên ta kết luận phương trình có nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=2' title='x=2' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Chú ý:</span></em></strong></p>
<blockquote><p>Tính chất của hàm số được dùng trong bài toán như  sau : Nếu hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> luôn tăng (hoặc luôn giảm ) thì đồ thị của hàm số cắt đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3DC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=C' title='y=C' class='latex' /> nhiều nhất là một điểm ( Nếu hàm số<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' />  đơn điệu thay đổi , thì lý luân trên không còn hiệu lực nữa).</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Phương pháp vận dụng bài toán trên:</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Để giải phương trình: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=F%28x%29%3D+G%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='F(x)= G(x)' title='F(x)= G(x)' class='latex' /> bằng cách vận dụng tính chất trên, ta tiến hành như sau</p>
<p>Biến đổi tương đương phương trình về dạng: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3DC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=C' title='f(x)=C' class='latex' /> ( <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='C' title='C' class='latex' /> là hằng số)</p>
<p>Xét tính đơn điệu của hàm số<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f' title='f' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Nếu : Hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f' title='f' class='latex' /> luôn tăng (hoặc luôn giảm) thì kết luận phương trình có nhiều nhất 1 nghiệm, kế đó bạn chịu khó dò tìm được nghiệm của phương trình để kết luận về nghiệm của bài toán</p>
<p>Nếu : Hàm số có tính đơn điệu thay đổi, thì cách lý luận trên không còn hiệu lực, bạn chịu khó đổi qua cách lý luận khác</p></blockquote>
<p><em><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bài tập luyện tập</span></span></strong></em></p>
<p>Giải các phương trình sau:</p>
<p>a) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3%5E%7B%5Cfrac%7Bx%7D%7B2%7D%7D%2B1%3D2%5Ex&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3^{&#92;frac{x}{2}}+1=2^x' title='3^{&#92;frac{x}{2}}+1=2^x' class='latex' /></p>
<p>b) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=5%5Ex%2B4%5Ex%2B2%28%5Csqrt+%7B20%7D+%29%5Ex%3D9%5Ex&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='5^x+4^x+2(&#92;sqrt {20} )^x=9^x' title='5^x+4^x+2(&#92;sqrt {20} )^x=9^x' class='latex' /></p>
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		<title>Một số dạng toán về mặt phẳng &amp; đường thẳng</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2009 13:41:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi TNPT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dạng toán về ĐT và MP trong không gian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[MỘT SỐ DẠNG TOÁN THƯỜNG GẶP Dạng 1: Viết phương trình tham số và phương trình chính tắc của đường thẳng Phương pháp : Xác định một điểm cố định Xác định một vectơ chỉ phương  của . Phương trình tham số và phương trình chính tắc của lần lượt có dạng :  : nếu đều  Ví dụ [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=888&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">MỘT SỐ DẠNG TOÁN THƯỜNG GẶP</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 1:</span> Viết phương trình tham số và phương trình chính tắc của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><em>Phương pháp :</em></strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Xác định một điểm cố định <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0+%28x_0+%3By_0+%3Bz_0+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' title='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cin&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;in' title='&#92;in' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Xác định một vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%28a_1%3Ba_2%3Ba_3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Phương trình tham số và phương trình chính tắc của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> lần lượt có dạng</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3Dx_0%2Ba_1+t+%5C%5C+y%3Dy_0%2Ba_2t+%5C%5C+z%3Dz_0%2Ba_3t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_0+a_1 t &#92;&#92; y=y_0+a_2t &#92;&#92; z=z_0+a_3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_0+a_1 t &#92;&#92; y=y_0+a_2t &#92;&#92; z=z_0+a_3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7Bx+-+x_0+%7D%7D%7B%7Ba_1+%7D%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B%7By+-+y_0+%7D%7D%7B%7Ba_2+%7D%7D+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bz+-+z_0+%7D%7D%7B%7Ba_3+%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{x - x_0 }}{{a_1 }}=&#92;frac{{y - y_0 }}{{a_2 }} = &#92;frac{{z - z_0 }}{{a_3 }}' title='&#92;frac{{x - x_0 }}{{a_1 }}=&#92;frac{{y - y_0 }}{{a_2 }} = &#92;frac{{z - z_0 }}{{a_3 }}' class='latex' /> nếu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_1%3Ba_2%3Ba_3&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a_1;a_2;a_3' title='a_1;a_2;a_3' class='latex' /> đều <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cne+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ne 0' title='&#92;ne 0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Ví dụ :</strong></span> Viết phương trình tham số và phương trình chính tắc của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> đi qua hai điêm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%281%3B2%3B3&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(1;2;3' title='A(1;2;3' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B%284%3B5%3B6%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='B(4;5;6)' title='B(4;5;6)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span id="more-888"></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em>Lời giải:</em></span></span></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> đi qua hai điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%281%3B2%3B3&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(1;2;3' title='A(1;2;3' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B%284%3B5%3B6%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='B(4;5;6)' title='B(4;5;6)' class='latex' /> nên có vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7BAB%7D%3D%283%3B3%3B3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {AB}=(3;3;3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow {AB}=(3;3;3)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy phương trình tham số của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> là: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D1%2B3t+%5C%5C+y%3D2%2B3t+%5C%5C+z%3D3%2B3t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=1+3t &#92;&#92; y=2+3t &#92;&#92; z=3+3t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=1+3t &#92;&#92; y=2+3t &#92;&#92; z=3+3t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy phương trình chính tắc của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> là: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bx+-+1%7D%7B3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7By+-+2%7D%7B3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bz+-+3%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{x - 1}{3}=&#92;frac{y - 2}{3}=&#92;frac{z - 3}{3}' title='&#92;frac{x - 1}{3}=&#92;frac{y - 2}{3}=&#92;frac{z - 3}{3}' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 2:</span>    Vị trí tương đối giữa hai đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' /> trong không gian.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Phương pháp :</strong></em></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Xác định điểm cố định <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0+%28x_0+%3By_0+%3Bz_0+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' title='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' class='latex' /> và vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%28a_1%3Ba_2%3Ba_3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' />.Xác định điểm cố định <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0+%28x%27_0+%3By%27_0+%3Bz%27_0%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0 (x&#039;_0 ;y&#039;_0 ;z&#039;_0)' title='M_0 (x&#039;_0 ;y&#039;_0 ;z&#039;_0)' class='latex' /> và vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%27%3D%28a%27_1%3Ba%27_2%3Ba%27_3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a&#039;=(a&#039;_1;a&#039;_2;a&#039;_3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a&#039;=(a&#039;_1;a&#039;_2;a&#039;_3)' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Tính <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3D%5B%5Coverrightarrow+a+%3B%5Coverrightarrow+%7Ba%27%7D%5D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=[&#92;overrightarrow a ;&#92;overrightarrow {a&#039;}]' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=[&#92;overrightarrow a ;&#92;overrightarrow {a&#039;}]' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Dùng các dấu hiệu sau để xét vị trí tương đối giữa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' />.</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> //<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7B0%7D+%5C%5C+M_%7B0%7D%5Cnotin+%5CDelta%27+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}=&#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;notin &#92;Delta&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}=&#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;notin &#92;Delta&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cequiv&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;equiv' title='&#92;equiv' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D%3D%5Coverrightarrow%7B0%7D+%5C%5C+M_%7B0%7D%5Cin+%5CDelta%27+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}=&#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;in &#92;Delta&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}=&#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;in &#92;Delta&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> cắt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D%5Cne+%5Coverrightarrow%7B0%7D+%5C%5C+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D%5Coverrightarrow%7BM_0M_0%27%7D%3D0+%5C%5C+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}&#92;ne &#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; &#92;overrightarrow{n}&#92;overrightarrow{M_0M_0&#039;}=0 &#92;&#92; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}&#92;ne &#92;overrightarrow{0} &#92;&#92; &#92;overrightarrow{n}&#92;overrightarrow{M_0M_0&#039;}=0 &#92;&#92; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> và  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#039;' title='&#92;Delta&#039;' class='latex' /> chéo nhau <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n.%5Coverrightarrow%7BM_0+M_0+%27%7D%5Cne+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow{M_0 M_0 &#039;}&#92;ne 0' title='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow{M_0 M_0 &#039;}&#92;ne 0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ví dụ:</span></strong> Xét vị trí tương đối của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> là: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bx+-+1%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7By%2B2%7D%7B3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bz+-+5%7D%7B1%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{x - 1}{2}=&#92;frac{y+2}{3}=&#92;frac{z - 5}{1}' title='&#92;frac{x - 1}{2}=&#92;frac{y+2}{3}=&#92;frac{z - 5}{1}' class='latex' /> với đường thẳng</p>
<p>                 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D3%2B4t+%5C%5C+y%3D2%2B3t+%5C%5C+z%3D6%2B5t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=3+4t &#92;&#92; y=2+3t &#92;&#92; z=6+5t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=3+4t &#92;&#92; y=2+3t &#92;&#92; z=6+5t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lời giải:</span></strong></em></span></p>
<p>Ta có đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> đi qua điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0%281%3B+-+2%3B5%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0(1; - 2;5)' title='M_0(1; - 2;5)' class='latex' /> và có vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%282%3B3%3B1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(2;3;1)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(2;3;1)' class='latex' /><br />
<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> đi qua <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M%283%3B2%3B6%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M(3;2;6)' title='M(3;2;6)' class='latex' /> và có vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%284%3B3%3B5%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(4;3;5)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(4;3;5)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Ta có : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3D%5B%5Coverrightarrow+a+%3B%5Coverrightarrow+%7Ba%27%7D%5D%3D%2812%3B-6%3B-6%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=[&#92;overrightarrow a ;&#92;overrightarrow {a&#039;}]=(12;-6;-6)' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=[&#92;overrightarrow a ;&#92;overrightarrow {a&#039;}]=(12;-6;-6)' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cne+%5Coverrightarrow+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ne &#92;overrightarrow 0' title='&#92;ne &#92;overrightarrow 0' class='latex' />.</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BM_0M%7D%3D%282%3B4%3B1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{M_0M}=(2;4;1)' title='&#92;overrightarrow{M_0M}=(2;4;1)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7Bn.%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7BM_0+M%7D%3D24-24-6%3D-6&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {n.} &#92;overrightarrow{M_0 M}=24-24-6=-6' title='&#92;overrightarrow {n.} &#92;overrightarrow{M_0 M}=24-24-6=-6' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> chéo nhau.</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><em>Các em có thể lấy ví dụ về các trường hợp còn lại<br />
</em></span><br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 3:</span>   Vị trí tương đối giữa đường thẳng và mặt phẳng.</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Phương pháp :</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Cho đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> đi qua điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0%28x_0+%3By_0+%3Bz_0+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0(x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' title='M_0(x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' class='latex' /> và vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%28a_1%3Ba_2%3Ba_3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_1;a_2;a_3)' class='latex' />, cho mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> có phương trình tổng quát <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=Ax%2BBy%2BCz%2BD%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='Ax+By+Cz+D=0' title='Ax+By+Cz+D=0' class='latex' />.</p>
<p>Gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3D%28A%3BB%3BC%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=(A;B;C)' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=(A;B;C)' class='latex' /> là VTPT của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> .</p>
<p>Để xét vị trí tương đối giữa đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> và mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> ta có các cách sau:</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#003366;">Cách 1:</span></span></strong></span> Xét tích vô hướng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n.%5Coverrightarrow+a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow a' title='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow a' class='latex' /> và thay tọa độ của điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0' title='M_0' class='latex' /> vào phương trình của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> để kiểm tra , ta có các trường hợp sau:</p>
<ul>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D.%5Coverrightarrow%7Ba%7D%3D0+%5C%5C+M_%7B0%7D%5Cnotin+%28%5Calpha%29+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}.&#92;overrightarrow{a}=0 &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;notin (&#92;alpha) &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}.&#92;overrightarrow{a}=0 &#92;&#92; M_{0}&#92;notin (&#92;alpha) &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> song song với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%5Coverrightarrow%7Bn%7D.%5Coverrightarrow%7Ba%7D%3D0+%5C%5C+M_%7B0%7D+%5Cin+%28%5Calpha%29+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}.&#92;overrightarrow{a}=0 &#92;&#92; M_{0} &#92;in (&#92;alpha) &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} &#92;overrightarrow{n}.&#92;overrightarrow{a}=0 &#92;&#92; M_{0} &#92;in (&#92;alpha) &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> nằm trong <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n.%5Coverrightarrow+a%5Cne+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow a&#92;ne 0' title='&#92;overrightarrow n.&#92;overrightarrow a&#92;ne 0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> cắt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3Dk%5Coverrightarrow+a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=k&#92;overrightarrow a' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=k&#92;overrightarrow a' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> vuông góc với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Cách 2:</strong></span> Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3Dx_0%2Ba_1+t+%5C%5C+y%3Dy_0%2Ba_2t+%5C%5C+z%3Dz_0%2Ba_3t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_0+a_1 t &#92;&#92; y=y_0+a_2t &#92;&#92; z=z_0+a_3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_0+a_1 t &#92;&#92; y=y_0+a_2t &#92;&#92; z=z_0+a_3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Sau đó thay <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%2Cy%2Cz&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x,y,z' title='x,y,z' class='latex' /> ở  phương trình tham số trên vào phương trình tổng quát của mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=Ax%2BBy%2BCz%2BD%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='Ax+By+Cz+D=0' title='Ax+By+Cz+D=0' class='latex' /> ta được:</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%28x_0%2Ba_1+t%29%2BB%28y_0%2Ba_2t%29%2BC%28z_0%2Ba_3t%29%2BD%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(x_0+a_1 t)+B(y_0+a_2t)+C(z_0+a_3t)+D=0' title='A(x_0+a_1 t)+B(y_0+a_2t)+C(z_0+a_3t)+D=0' class='latex' /> hay <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=mt%2Bn%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='mt+n=0' title='mt+n=0' class='latex' /> (1)</p>
<p>Xét số nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t' title='t' class='latex' /> của phương trình (1) ta có các trường hợp sau.</p>
<ul>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /> vô nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> song song với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /> có mộy nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t%3Dt_0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t=t_0' title='t=t_0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> cắt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0%28x_0%2Ba_1+t%3By_0%2Ba_2t%3Bz_0%2Ba_3t%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0(x_0+a_1 t;y_0+a_2t;z_0+a_3t)' title='M_0(x_0+a_1 t;y_0+a_2t;z_0+a_3t)' class='latex' /></li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /> có vô số nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> nằm trong <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28A%3BB%3BC%29%3Dk%28a_1%3Ba_2%3Ba_3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(A;B;C)=k(a_1;a_2;a_3)' title='(A;B;C)=k(a_1;a_2;a_3)' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> vuông góc với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Ví dụ:</strong></span> Xét vị trí tương đối của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> là: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bx-1%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7By%2B2%7D%7B3%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bz-5%7D%7B1%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{x-1}{2}=&#92;frac{y+2}{3}=&#92;frac{z-5}{1}' title='&#92;frac{x-1}{2}=&#92;frac{y+2}{3}=&#92;frac{z-5}{1}' class='latex' /> với mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x-y%2B2z%2B5%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x-y+2z+5=0' title='x-y+2z+5=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lời giải:</span></strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Chuyển phương trình chính tắc của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> về phương trình tham số </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D1%2B2t+%5C%5C+y%3D-2%2B3t+%5C%5C+x%3D5%2Bt+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=1+2t &#92;&#92; y=-2+3t &#92;&#92; x=5+t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=1+2t &#92;&#92; y=-2+3t &#92;&#92; x=5+t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Sau đó thay <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%2Cy%2Cz&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x,y,z' title='x,y,z' class='latex' /> ở  phương trình tham số trên vào phương trình tổng quát của mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1%2B2t-%28-2%2B3t%29%2B2%285%2Bt%29%2B5%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='1+2t-(-2+3t)+2(5+t)+5=0' title='1+2t-(-2+3t)+2(5+t)+5=0' class='latex' />  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t%3D-18&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t=-18' title='t=-18' class='latex' /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Phương trình <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%281%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(1)' title='(1)' class='latex' /> có một nghiệm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t%3D-18&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t=-18' title='t=-18' class='latex' />, vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta' title='&#92;Delta' class='latex' /> cắt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0%28-35%3B-56%3B-13%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0(-35;-56;-13)' title='M_0(-35;-56;-13)' class='latex' /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Dạng 4:  Tìm hình chiếu.</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Bài toán 1:</strong></span> <span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Tìm hình chiếu vuông góc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' /> của điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> trên đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' />.</strong></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><em>Phương pháp:</em></strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Cách 1:</span></strong> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> cho bởi phương trình tham số </span></span></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H+%5Cin+%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H &#92;in (d)' title='H &#92;in (d)' class='latex' /> suy ra dạng tọa độ của điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' /> phụ thuộcvào tham số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t' title='t' class='latex' /></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;">Tìm tham số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=t&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='t' title='t' class='latex' /> nhờ điều kiện <span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BAH%7D%5Cbot%5Coverrightarrow+a_%7Bd%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{AH}&#92;bot&#92;overrightarrow a_{d}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{AH}&#92;bot&#92;overrightarrow a_{d}' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Cách 2:</span> </strong><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> cho bởi phương trình chính tắc , gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H%28x%3By%3Bz%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H(x;y;z)' title='H(x;y;z)' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow%7BAH%7D%5Cbot%5Coverrightarrow+a_%7Bd%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow{AH}&#92;bot&#92;overrightarrow a_{d}' title='&#92;overrightarrow{AH}&#92;bot&#92;overrightarrow a_{d}' class='latex' /> (*)</span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H+%5Cin+%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H &#92;in (d)' title='H &#92;in (d)' class='latex' />: Biến đổi tỉ lệ thức này để dùng điều kiện (*), từ đó tìm được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3By%3Bz&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x;y;z' title='x;y;z' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bài toán 2:</span></strong>  <span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Tìm hình chiếu vuông góc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' /> của điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> trênặmt phẳng  <span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /></span>.</strong></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Cách 1:</span> </strong>Gọi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H%28x%3By%3Bz%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H(x;y;z)' title='H(x;y;z)' class='latex' /></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H+%5Cin+%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H &#92;in (&#92;alpha)' title='H &#92;in (&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> (*)</li>
<li><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7BAH%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {AH}' title='&#92;overrightarrow {AH}' class='latex' /> cùng phương với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7Bn_%5Calpha%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {n_&#92;alpha}' title='&#92;overrightarrow {n_&#92;alpha}' class='latex' />: Biến đổi tỉ lệ thức này để dùng điều kiện (*) ,từ đó tìm được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3By%3Bz&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x;y;z' title='x;y;z' class='latex' />.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Cách 2:</strong></span></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Tìm phương trình đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> đi qua <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> và vuông góc với mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li>Giao điểm của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> chính là hình chiếu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=H&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='H' title='H' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A' title='A' class='latex' /> trên mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Bài toán 3:</strong></span> <span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Tìm hình chiếu vuông góc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5CDelta%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;Delta)' title='(&#92;Delta)' class='latex' /> của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> xuống mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</strong></span></p>
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Tìm phương trình mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cbeta%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;beta)' title='(&#92;beta)' class='latex' /> chứa đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> và vuông óc với mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' />.</li>
<li>Hình chiếu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5CDelta%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;Delta)' title='(&#92;Delta)' class='latex' /> của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28d%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(d)' title='(d)' class='latex' /> xuống mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> chính là giao tuyến của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( &#92;alpha)' title='( &#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cbeta%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;beta)' title='(&#92;beta)' class='latex' />.</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
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		<title>Một số dạng toán tính đạo hàm</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/19/m%e1%bb%99t-s%e1%bb%91-d%e1%ba%a1ng-toan-tinh-d%e1%ba%a1o-ham/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2009 15:19:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Toán 11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Đs&Gt 11]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/?p=871</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[ Dạng 1: Tính đạo hàm của hàm số tại một điểm Cho hàm số : Tính đạo hàm hoặc xác định giá trị của tham số để hàm số có đạo hàm tại điểm , ta thực hiện các bước sau: Bước 1:  Xét tính liên tục của hàm số tại điểm Bước 2:  Tính (Đạo [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=871&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> <span style="color:#000080;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">D</span><span style="color:#ff0000;">ạng 1:</span></strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span>Tí<strong>nh đạo hàm của hàm số tại một điểm</strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000080;">C</span></strong>ho hàm số :</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+f_1%28x%29khix%3Cx_0+%5C%5C+f_2%28x%29khix%5Cge+x_0+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} f_1(x)khix&lt;x_0 &#92;&#92; f_2(x)khix&#92;ge x_0 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='f(x)=&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} f_1(x)khix&lt;x_0 &#92;&#92; f_2(x)khix&#92;ge x_0 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff6600;">T</span><span style="color:#ff6600;">ính đạo hàm hoặc xác định giá trị của tham số để hàm số có đạo hàm tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_0' title='x_0' class='latex' />, ta thực hiện các bước sau:</span></p>
<blockquote><p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#ff6600;">B</span>ước 1:</span></strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">  </span>Xét tính liên tục của hàm số tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_0' title='x_0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bước 2:</span> </strong> Tính (Đạo hàm bên trái):</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x_0%5E-%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%5E-%7D%5Cfrac%7Bf%28x%29+-+f%28x_0+%29%7D%7Bx-x_0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x_0^-)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^-}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(x_0 )}{x-x_0}' title='f&#039;(x_0^-)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^-}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(x_0 )}{x-x_0}' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">B<span style="color:#ff0000;">ước 3:</span></span></strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"> </span> Tính (Đạo hàm bên phải):</p>
<p> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x_0%5E%2B%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%5E%2B%7D+%5Cfrac%7Bf%28x%29-f%28x_0%29%7D%7Bx-x_0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x_0^+)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^+} &#92;frac{f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0}' title='f&#039;(x_0^+)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^+} &#92;frac{f(x)-f(x_0)}{x-x_0}' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bước 4:</span></strong>  Đánh giá  hoặc giải <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x_0%5E-%29%3Df%27%28x_0%5E%2B%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x_0^-)=f&#039;(x_0^+)' title='f&#039;(x_0^-)=f&#039;(x_0^+)' class='latex' />, từ đó đưa ra kết luận.</p></blockquote>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Ví dụ:</span> </strong>Cho hàm số : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+%28x%2B2%29%5E2khi+x+%5Cle+0+%5C%5C+x%5E2%2B4+khi+x%3E0+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} (x+2)^2khi x &#92;le 0 &#92;&#92; x^2+4 khi x&gt;0 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='f(x)=&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} (x+2)^2khi x &#92;le 0 &#92;&#92; x^2+4 khi x&gt;0 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /><br />
                           Tính đạo hàm của hàm số tại <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_0%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_0=0' title='x_0=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lời giải:</span></strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-871"></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>Ta có : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E-%7D+f%28x%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E-%7D+%28x+%2B2%29%5E2%3D4&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} f(x)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} (x +2)^2=4' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} f(x)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} (x +2)^2=4' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
<p>                            <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E%2B%7D+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E%2B%7D+x%5E2%2B4%3D4&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} f(x) = &#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} x^2+4=4' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} f(x) = &#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} x^2+4=4' class='latex' /></p>
<p>                           <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%280%29+%3D4&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(0) =4' title='f(0) =4' class='latex' /></p>
<p>           Do đó: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E-%7D+f%28x%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E%2B%7D+f%28x%29%3Df%280%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} f(x)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} f(x)=f(0)' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} f(x)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} f(x)=f(0)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>           <span style="color:#ff0000;">Vậy hàm số liên tục tại x=0</span></p>
<ul>
<li>Đạo hàm bên trái của hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=0' title='x=0' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
<p>                           <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%280%5E-%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%5E-%7D%5Cfrac%7Bf%28x%29+-+f%280+%29%7D%7Bx-0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(0^-)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^-}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(0 )}{x-0}' title='f&#039;(0^-)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^-}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(0 )}{x-0}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E-%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%28x+%2B+2%29%5E2-2%7D%7Bx+-+2%7D%3D-1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} &#92;frac{(x + 2)^2-2}{x - 2}=-1' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^-} &#92;frac{(x + 2)^2-2}{x - 2}=-1' class='latex' /></p>
<ul>
<li>Đạo hàm bên phải của hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=0' title='x=0' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
<p>                          <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%280%5E%2B%29%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%5E%2B%7D%5Cfrac%7Bf%28x%29+-+f%280%29%7D%7Bx-0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(0^+)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^+}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(0)}{x-0}' title='f&#039;(0^+)=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0^+}&#92;frac{f(x) - f(0)}{x-0}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%5E%2B%7D+%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E2%2B4-+4%7D%7Bx-2%7D%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} &#92;frac{x^2+4- 4}{x-2}=0' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0^+} &#92;frac{x^2+4- 4}{x-2}=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>        Nhận xét :  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%280%5E-%29+%5Cne+f%27%280%5E%2B%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(0^-) &#92;ne f&#039;(0^+)' title='f&#039;(0^-) &#92;ne f&#039;(0^+)' class='latex' /> nên hàm số không có đạo hàm tại x=0</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color:#ff0000;">Kết luận:</span> Hàm số có đạo hàm bên trái, bên phải , nhưng khong có đạo hàm tại x=0.</li>
</ul>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Dạng </strong>2:</span></span> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Tính đạo hàm của hàm số trên một khoảng ( dùng định nghĩa).</span></strong></span></p>
<p>            Để tính đạo hàm của hàm số : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' />  trên một khoảng  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%3Bb%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a;b)' title='(a;b)' class='latex' />, bằng định nghiã , ta thực hiện các bước sau:</p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bước 1:</span> <span style="color:#003366;">Giả sử <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta x' title='&#92;Delta x' class='latex' /> là số gia của đối số tại <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_0' title='x_0' class='latex' />, tính </span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#003366;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+y%3Df%28x_0%2B%5CDelta+x%29-f%28x_0%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta y=f(x_0+&#92;Delta x)-f(x_0)' title='&#92;Delta y=f(x_0+&#92;Delta x)-f(x_0)' class='latex' /></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bước 2:</span> <span style="color:#003366;">Lập tỉ số : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5CDelta+y%7D%7D%7B%7B%5CDelta+x%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{&#92;Delta y}}{{&#92;Delta x}}' title='&#92;frac{{&#92;Delta y}}{{&#92;Delta x}}' class='latex' /></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Bước 3:</span> <span style="color:#003366;">Tìm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7B%5CDelta+x+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5CDelta+y%7D%7D%7B%7B%5CDelta+x%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta y}}{{&#92;Delta x}}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta y}}{{&#92;Delta x}}' class='latex' /></span></span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em>Chú ý : </em></span></strong></span>Nếu khoảng <span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%3Bb%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a;b)' title='(a;b)' class='latex' /> bằng đoạn <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Ba%3Bb%5D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='[a;b]' title='[a;b]' class='latex' />, ta thực hiện theo các bước sau:</span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><em>             Bước 1: Tính đạo hàm của hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> trên khoảng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%3Bb%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a;b)' title='(a;b)' class='latex' />.</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><em>             Bước 2: Tính đạo hàm bên phải của hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a' title='a' class='latex' /></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#003366;">        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+y+%3D+f%28x%2B%5CDelta+x%29+-+f%28x+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta y = f(x+&#92;Delta x) - f(x )' title='&#92;Delta y = f(x+&#92;Delta x) - f(x )' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7Bx+%2B+%5CDelta+x+%2B+1%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+%2B+%5CDelta+x%7D%7D+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bx+%2B+1%7D%7D%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{x + &#92;Delta x + 1}}{{x + &#92;Delta x}} - &#92;frac{{x + 1}}{x}' title='&#92;frac{{x + &#92;Delta x + 1}}{{x + &#92;Delta x}} - &#92;frac{{x + 1}}{x}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5CDelta+x%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%28x+%2B+%5CDelta+x%29%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='- &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta x}}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}}' title='- &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta x}}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}}' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><em>             Bước 3: Tính đạo hàm bên trái của hàm số <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3Df%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=f(x)' title='y=f(x)' class='latex' /> tại điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=b&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='b' title='b' class='latex' /></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><em><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Ví dụ:</strong></span></span> <span style="color:#000000;">Dùng định nghĩa , tính đạo hàm của hàm số sau: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx%2B1%7D%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;frac{x+1}{x}' title='f(x)=&#92;frac{x+1}{x}' class='latex' /></span></em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><em><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Lời giải: </strong></span></span></em></span></span></p>
<p> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#993300;"><span style="color:#003366;">Giả sử <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta x' title='&#92;Delta x' class='latex' /> là số gia của đối số tại <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' />, tính </span><br />
</span></span><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#003366;">        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta+y%7D%7B%5CDelta+x%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;Delta y}{&#92;Delta x}' title='&#92;frac{&#92;Delta y}{&#92;Delta x}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5CDelta+x%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%28x+%2B+%5CDelta+x%29%5CDelta+x%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='- &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta x}}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)&#92;Delta x}}' title='- &#92;frac{{&#92;Delta x}}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)&#92;Delta x}}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bx%28x+%2B+%5CDelta+x%29%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='- &#92;frac{1}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}}' title='- &#92;frac{1}{{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}}' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#003366;">Do đó: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7B%5CDelta+x+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%5CDelta+y%7D%7B%5CDelta+x%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{&#92;Delta y}{&#92;Delta x}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{&#92;Delta y}{&#92;Delta x}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7B%5CDelta+x+%5Cto+0%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%28x+%2B+%5CDelta+x%29%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0}-&#92;frac{1}{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}' title='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{&#92;Delta x &#92;to 0}-&#92;frac{1}{x(x + &#92;Delta x)}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='- &#92;frac{1}{x^2}' title='- &#92;frac{1}{x^2}' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#003366;">   Vậy hàm số có đạo hàm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x)=-&#92;frac{1}{x^2}' title='f&#039;(x)=-&#92;frac{1}{x^2}' class='latex' /></span></span></span></span></p>
<p> </p>
<div><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#003366;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Chú ý:</span></span> Ta có thể nói hàm số <span style="color:#000000;"><em><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%3D%5Cfrac%7Bx+%2B+1%7D%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)=&#92;frac{x + 1}{x}' title='f(x)=&#92;frac{x + 1}{x}' class='latex' /> </em>có đạo hàm<em> </em></span><span style="color:#003366;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29%3D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%5E2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x)=-&#92;frac{1}{x^2}' title='f&#039;(x)=-&#92;frac{1}{x^2}' class='latex' /> trên các khoảng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28-%5Cinfty+%3B0%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(-&#92;infty ;0)' title='(-&#92;infty ;0)' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%280%3B%2B%5Cinfty%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(0;+&#92;infty)' title='(0;+&#92;infty)' class='latex' />.</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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		<title>Một số PT&amp;BPT quy về bậc hai</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/18/m%e1%bb%99t-s%e1%bb%91-ptbpt-quy-v%e1%bb%81-b%e1%ba%adc-hai/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 18 Mar 2009 14:43:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Toán 10-Đại số]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[DẠNG TOÁN THƯỜNG GẶP Dạng 1:   Phương trình và bất phương trình chứa ẩn trong dấu giá trị tuyệt đối. Phương pháp: Nhắc lại về giá trị tuyệt đối: = Để khử được dấu của giá trị tuyệt đối của ta phải xét dấu. Ví dụ: Giải bất phương trình : Lời giải: Với khi [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=850&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">DẠNG TOÁN THƯỜNG GẶP</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 1:</span></strong></span>   <span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Phương trình và bất phương trình chứa ẩn trong dấu giá trị tuyệt đối.</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Phương pháp:</span></strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><em><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Nhắc lại về giá trị tuyệt đối:</strong></span></em></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%7C+%7Bf%28x%29%7D+%5Cright%7C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left| {f(x)} &#92;right|' title='&#92;left| {f(x)} &#92;right|' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Df%28x%29%7B+khi+f%28x%29%7D+%5Cge+0+%5C%5C+-+f%28x%29%7B+khi+f%28x%29%3C0%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l}f(x){ khi f(x)} &#92;ge 0 &#92;&#92; - f(x){ khi f(x)&lt;0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l}f(x){ khi f(x)} &#92;ge 0 &#92;&#92; - f(x){ khi f(x)&lt;0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Để khử được dấu của giá trị tuyệt đối của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%7C+%7Bf%28x%29%7D+%5Cright%7C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left| {f(x)} &#92;right|' title='&#92;left| {f(x)} &#92;right|' class='latex' /> ta phải xét dấu.</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Ví dụ:</strong></span> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Giải bất phương trình : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2Bx%2B%5Cleft%7C+%7B3x%2B1%7D%5Cright%7C%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1}&#92;right|&gt;0' title='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1}&#92;right|&gt;0' class='latex' /><br />
</strong></span><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em>Lời giải: </em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-850"></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li>Với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%5Cge-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x &#92;ge-&#92;frac{1}{3}' title='x &#92;ge-&#92;frac{1}{3}' class='latex' /> khi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3x%2B1+%5Cge+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3x+1 &#92;ge 0' title='3x+1 &#92;ge 0' class='latex' /> nên:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2Bx%2B%5Cleft%7C+%7B3x%2B1%7D+%5Cright%7C%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1} &#92;right|&gt;0' title='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1} &#92;right|&gt;0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2Bx%2B%283x%2B1%29%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+x+(3x+1)&gt;0' title='x^2+x+(3x+1)&gt;0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2B4x%2B1%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+4x+1&gt;0' title='x^2+4x+1&gt;0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C-+2-%5Csqrt+%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&lt;- 2-&#92;sqrt {3}' title='x&lt;- 2-&#92;sqrt {3}' class='latex' /> hoặc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3E-+2%2B%5Csqrt+%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&gt;- 2+&#92;sqrt {3}' title='x&gt;- 2+&#92;sqrt {3}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Kết hợp điều kiện <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%5Cge-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x &#92;ge-&#92;frac{1}{3}' title='x &#92;ge-&#92;frac{1}{3}' class='latex' /> ta được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3E-+2%2B%5Csqrt+%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&gt;- 2+&#92;sqrt {3}' title='x&gt;- 2+&#92;sqrt {3}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<ul>
<li>Với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&lt;-&#92;frac{1}{3}' title='x&lt;-&#92;frac{1}{3}' class='latex' /> khi <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3x%2B1%3C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3x+1&lt;0' title='3x+1&lt;0' class='latex' /> nên:</li>
</ul>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2Bx%2B%5Cleft%7C+%7B3x%2B1%7D+%5Cright%7C%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1} &#92;right|&gt;0' title='x^2+x+&#92;left| {3x+1} &#92;right|&gt;0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2%2Bx-%283x%2B1%29%3E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2+x-(3x+1)&gt;0' title='x^2+x-(3x+1)&gt;0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' />  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2-2x-1+%3E+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2-2x-1 &gt; 0' title='x^2-2x-1 &gt; 0' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C1-%5Csqrt%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&lt;1-&#92;sqrt{2}' title='x&lt;1-&#92;sqrt{2}' class='latex' /> hoặc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3E1%2B%5Csqrt%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&gt;1+&#92;sqrt{2}' title='x&gt;1+&#92;sqrt{2}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Kết hợp điều kiện  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B3%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&lt;-&#92;frac{1}{3}' title='x&lt;-&#92;frac{1}{3}' class='latex' />, ta được  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3C1-%5Csqrt%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x&lt;1-&#92;sqrt{2}' title='x&lt;1-&#92;sqrt{2}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p>Do đó : Bất phường trình có tập nghiệm là : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=S+%3D+%5Cleft%28+%7B+-+%5Cinfty+%3B1+-+%5Csqrt+2+%7D+%5Cright%29+%5Ccup+%5Cleft%28+%7B+-+2+%2B+%5Csqrt+3+%3B+%2B+%5Cinfty+%7D+%5Cright%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='S = &#92;left( { - &#92;infty ;1 - &#92;sqrt 2 } &#92;right) &#92;cup &#92;left( { - 2 + &#92;sqrt 3 ; + &#92;infty } &#92;right)' title='S = &#92;left( { - &#92;infty ;1 - &#92;sqrt 2 } &#92;right) &#92;cup &#92;left( { - 2 + &#92;sqrt 3 ; + &#92;infty } &#92;right)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Bài tập rèn luyện:</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Bài 1:</strong></span> Giải các bất phương trình sau:</p>
<blockquote><p>a) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%7C+%7Bx%5E2-3x%7D+%5Cright%7C+%5Cge+x%5E2%2B8x%2B12&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left| {x^2-3x} &#92;right| &#92;ge x^2+8x+12' title='&#92;left| {x^2-3x} &#92;right| &#92;ge x^2+8x+12' class='latex' /></p>
<p>b) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%7C+%7B-x%5E2%2B3x-3%7D+%5Cright%7C+%5Cle+2x%2B3&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left| {-x^2+3x-3} &#92;right| &#92;le 2x+3' title='&#92;left| {-x^2+3x-3} &#92;right| &#92;le 2x+3' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Bài 2:</strong></span> Giải bất phương trình sau: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3x%5E2-%5Cleft%7C+%7Bx-3%7D+%5Cright%7C%3E9x-2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3x^2-&#92;left| {x-3} &#92;right|&gt;9x-2' title='3x^2-&#92;left| {x-3} &#92;right|&gt;9x-2' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Dạng 2: </span>   </span><span style="color:#000080;">Phương trình và bất phương trình chứa ẩn trong dấu căn bậc hai.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong></strong> <span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Phương pháp:</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Chú ý biến đổi tương đương sau:</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csqrt+%7Bf%28x%29%7D+%5Cle+g%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;sqrt {f(x)} &#92;le g(x)' title='&#92;sqrt {f(x)} &#92;le g(x)' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+f%28x%29%5Cle%5Bg%28x%29%5D%5E%7B2%7D+%5C%5C+g%28x%29%5Cge%7B0%7D+%5C%5C+f%28x%29%5Cge%7B0%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} f(x)&#92;le[g(x)]^{2} &#92;&#92; g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} f(x)&#92;le[g(x)]^{2} &#92;&#92; g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /><br />
</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csqrt+%7Bf%28x%29%7D%3Eg%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;sqrt {f(x)}&gt;g(x)' title='&#92;sqrt {f(x)}&gt;g(x)' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+g%28x%29%5Cge%7B0%7D+%5C%5C%C2%A0f%28x%29%3E%5Bg%28x%29%5D%5E%7B2%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.+%5C%5C+%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D%C2%A0g%28x%29%3C0+%5C%5C%C2%A0f%28x%29%5Cge%7B0%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left[&#92;begin{array}{l}&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)&gt;[g(x)]^{2} &#92;end{array}&#92;right. &#92;&#92; &#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&lt;0 &#92;&#92; f(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right. &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left[&#92;begin{array}{l}&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)&gt;[g(x)]^{2} &#92;end{array}&#92;right. &#92;&#92; &#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&lt;0 &#92;&#92; f(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;end{array}&#92;right. &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csqrt+%7Bf%28x%29%7D%3Dg%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;sqrt {f(x)}=g(x)' title='&#92;sqrt {f(x)}=g(x)' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+g%28x%29%5Cge%7B0%7D+%5C%5C+f%28x%29%3D%5Bg%28x%29%5D%5E%7B2%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)=[g(x)]^{2} &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} g(x)&#92;ge{0} &#92;&#92; f(x)=[g(x)]^{2} &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> </span></p>
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		<title>Cấu trúc đề Kiểm tra HH12(Chương III)</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/17/c%e1%ba%a5u-truc-d%e1%bb%81-ki%e1%bb%83m-tra-hh12ch%c6%b0%c6%a1ng-iii/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2009 17:19:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cấu trúc đê]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/?p=839</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chương trình chuẩn. I. Cấu trúc : Câu 1. (4điểm) a) Tính tọa độ của vectơ hoặc tính độ dài của vectơ , tích có hướng của hai vectơ b) Viết phương trình mặt cầu Câu 2: (5 điểm) a) Viết phương trình mặt phẳng, phương trình tham số b) Tính khoảng cách .(vị trí [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=839&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Chương trình chuẩn.</strong></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">I. Cấu trúc :</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Câu 1. (4điểm)</span></p>
<blockquote><p>a) Tính tọa độ của vectơ hoặc tính độ dài của vectơ , tích có hướng của hai vectơ</p>
<p>b) Viết phương trình mặt cầu</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Câu 2: (5 điểm)</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-839"></span></span></p>
<blockquote><p>a) Viết phương trình mặt phẳng, phương trình tham số</p>
<p>b) Tính khoảng cách .(vị trí tương đối)</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;">Câu 3:</span> Chứng minh <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%2CB%2CC%2CD&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A,B,C,D' title='A,B,C,D' class='latex' /> là 4 đỉnh của tứ diện hoặc tứ diện đều, hoặc 3 đỉnh tạo thành một tam giác(đều, cân&#8230;)?</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Đề Kiểm tra thử</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Câu 1:</strong></span></span> Trong không gian cho bốn điẻm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%281%3B0%3B0%29%2CB%280%3B1%3B0%29%2CC%280%3B0%3B1%29%2CD%28-2%3B1%3B-1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(1;0;0),B(0;1;0),C(0;0;1),D(-2;1;-1)' title='A(1;0;0),B(0;1;0),C(0;0;1),D(-2;1;-1)' class='latex' /></p>
<blockquote><p>a)  Tính độ dài của vectơ <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7BAC%7D-2%5Coverrightarrow+%7BBD%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {AC}-2&#92;overrightarrow {BD}' title='&#92;overrightarrow {AC}-2&#92;overrightarrow {BD}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>b) Viết phương trình mặt cầu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28S%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(S)' title='(S)' class='latex' /> có tâm là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='D' title='D' class='latex' /> và đi qua <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=B&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='B' title='B' class='latex' /> ?</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Câu 2:</span></strong></span> Cho hai đường thẳng</p>
<blockquote><p>d  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D1-2t+%5C%5C+y%3D-1-3t+%5C%5C+z%3D-2-t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=1-2t &#92;&#92; y=-1-3t &#92;&#92; z=-2-t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=1-2t &#92;&#92; y=-1-3t &#92;&#92; z=-2-t &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /> và d&#8217; <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D2-t%27+%5C%5C+y%3D-2%2B5t%27+%5C%5C+z%3D2t%27+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=2-t&#039; &#92;&#92; y=-2+5t&#039; &#92;&#92; z=2t&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=2-t&#039; &#92;&#92; y=-2+5t&#039; &#92;&#92; z=2t&#039; &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>a) Viết phương trình mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> chứa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d%27&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d&#039;' title='d&#039;' class='latex' /> và song song với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /></p>
<p>b) Tính khoảng cách giữa <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=d&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='d' title='d' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /> ?</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Câu 3:</strong></span></span> Cho ba điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=A%284%3B-1%3B2%29%2CB%281%3B2%3B2%29%2CC%281%3B-1%3B5%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='A(4;-1;2),B(1;2;2),C(1;-1;5)' title='A(4;-1;2),B(1;2;2),C(1;-1;5)' class='latex' />    .Chứng minh rằng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=ABC&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='ABC' title='ABC' class='latex' /> là tam giác đều?</p>
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		<title>Ứng dụng định nghĩa đạo hàm vào tính giới hạn</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/16/%e1%bb%a9ng-d%e1%bb%a5ng-d%e1%bb%8bnh-nghia-d%e1%ba%a1o-ham-vao-tinh-gi%e1%bb%9bi-h%e1%ba%a1n/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 14:11:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Ôn thi ĐH]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[ỨNG DỤNG Đ/N ĐẠO HÀM VÀO TÍNH GIỚI HẠN Giả sử cần tính giới hạn = có dạng Phương pháp : Ta biến đổi giói hạn trên về mộy trong các dạng sau: Dạng 1: Ta được = Dạng 2: Ta được = với Dạng 3: Ta được = với Chú ý : Một số [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=820&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:center;"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">ỨNG DỤNG Đ/N ĐẠO HÀM VÀO TÍNH GIỚI HẠN</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Giả sử cần tính giới hạn <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L' title='L' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+%7B%5Crm%7BQ%7D%7D%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } {&#92;rm{Q}}(x)' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } {&#92;rm{Q}}(x)' class='latex' /> có dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B0%7D%7B0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{0}{0}' title='&#92;frac{0}{0}' class='latex' /></strong></span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Phương pháp :</span> </strong></em></span><span style="color:#0000ff;">Ta biến đổi giói hạn trên về mộy trong các dạng sau:</span></p>
<blockquote><p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Dạng 1:</span></strong> Ta được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L' title='L' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%28x_0+%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%5C%2Cx_0+%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cf%27%28x_0+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(x_0 )' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(x_0 )' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Dạng 2:</strong></span> Ta được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L' title='L' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%28x_0+%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%5C%2Cx_0+%7D%7D%5C%2C%7B%5Crm%7BP%28%7D%7Dx%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cf%27%28x_0+%29%7B%5Crm%7BP%28%7D%7Dx_0+%7B%5Crm%7B%29%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}&#92;,{&#92;rm{P(}}x)&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(x_0 ){&#92;rm{P(}}x_0 {&#92;rm{)}}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}&#92;,{&#92;rm{P(}}x)&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(x_0 ){&#92;rm{P(}}x_0 {&#92;rm{)}}' class='latex' /> với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=P%28x_0%29%5Cne+%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='P(x_0)&#92;ne &#92;infty' title='P(x_0)&#92;ne &#92;infty' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Dạng 3:</span></strong> Ta được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L' title='L' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%28x_0+%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%5C%2Cx_0+%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7Bg%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cg%28x_0+%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%5C%2Cx_0+%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7Bf%27%28x_0+%29%7D%7Bg%27%28x_0+%29%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}}}{{&#92;frac{{g(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,g(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{f&#039;(x_0 )}{g&#039;(x_0 )}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,f(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}}}{{&#92;frac{{g(x)&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,g(x_0 )}}{{x - &#92;,x_0 }}}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{f&#039;(x_0 )}{g&#039;(x_0 )}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%27%28x_0+%29%5C%2C+%5Cne+%5C%2C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='g&#039;(x_0 )&#92;, &#92;ne &#92;,0' title='g&#039;(x_0 )&#92;, &#92;ne &#92;,0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Chú ý :</span></strong></em></span> <span style="color:#ff0000;">Một số bài tóan có dạng vô định ta dùng cách biến đổi như sau:</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span id="more-820"></span></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=0.%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='0.&#92;infty' title='0.&#92;infty' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29g%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bg%28x%29%7D%7D%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)g(x)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;frac{{f(x)}}{{&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}' title='f(x)g(x)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;frac{{f(x)}}{{&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cinfty-%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;infty-&#92;infty' title='&#92;infty-&#92;infty' class='latex' />: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29-g%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C%3D%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bg%28x%29%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)-g(x)&#92;,&#92;,=&#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)}}}}&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}&#92;,' title='f(x)-g(x)&#92;,&#92;,=&#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)}}}}&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}&#92;,' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bf%28x%29%7D%7D-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bg%28x%29%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bf%28x%29g%28x%29%7D%7D%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='=&#92;frac{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)}}-&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)g(x)}}}}' title='=&#92;frac{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)}}-&#92;frac{1}{{g(x)}}}}{{&#92;frac{1}{{f(x)g(x)}}}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1%5E%5Cinfty%2C%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cinfty%5E0%2C%5C%2C%5C%2C0%5E0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='1^&#92;infty,&#92;,&#92;,&#92;infty^0,&#92;,&#92;,0^0' title='1^&#92;infty,&#92;,&#92;,&#92;infty^0,&#92;,&#92;,0^0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Cho hàm số : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5B%5C%2Cf%28x%29%5D%5E%7Bg%28x%29%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,[&#92;,f(x)]^{g(x)}' title='y&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,[&#92;,f(x)]^{g(x)}' class='latex' />, để tính giới hạn <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7Dy&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 }y' title='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 }y' class='latex' /> mà: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+f%28x%29+%3D+1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } f(x) = 1' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } f(x) = 1' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+g%28x%29+%3D+%5Cinfty+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } g(x) = &#92;infty ' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } g(x) = &#92;infty ' class='latex' /></p>
<p>hoặc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+f%28x%29+%3D+%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } f(x) = &#92;infty' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } f(x) = &#92;infty' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0+%7D+g%28x%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } g(x)=0' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0 } g(x)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p> hoặc <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%7D+f%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0} f(x)' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0} f(x)' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+x_0%7D+g%28x%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0} g(x)=0' title='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to x_0} g(x)=0' class='latex' /> ta làm như sau</p>
<p>Lấy lôgarit hai vế <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cln+y%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cg%28x%29.%5C%2C%5Cln+f%28x%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ln y&#92;, = &#92;,g(x).&#92;,&#92;ln f(x)' title='&#92;ln y&#92;, = &#92;,g(x).&#92;,&#92;ln f(x)' class='latex' /> dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=0.%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='0.&#92;infty' title='0.&#92;infty' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Chuyển <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cln+y%5C%2C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ln y&#92;,' title='&#92;ln y&#92;,' class='latex' /> về dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B0%7D%7B0%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{0}{0}' title='&#92;frac{0}{0}' class='latex' />  rồi áp dụng một trong ba dạng trên.</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">Các ví dụ minh họa:</span></span></strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em>Ví dụ 1:</em></span></span><span style="color:#ff0000;"> Tính giới hạn sau:</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+1%7D+%5Cfrac%7Bx%5E3-%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B3x-2%7D%7D%7Bx-1%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{x^3-&#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x-2}}{x-1}' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{x^3-&#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x-2}}{x-1}' class='latex' />     (ĐHQG Hà Nội 1998)</p></blockquote>
<p><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Lời giải:</span></em></p>
<blockquote><p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cx%5E3+%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+-+2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)&#92;, = &#92;,x^3 &#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, - 2}' title='f(x)&#92;, = &#92;,x^3 &#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, - 2}' class='latex' />, ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%281%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(1)=0' title='f(1)=0' class='latex' /><br />
<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C3x%5E2+%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B%7B2%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%7D+%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%5CRightarrow+%5C%2Cf%27%281%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C3%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;,3x^2 &#92;, - &#92;frac{3}{{2&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, - &#92;,2} }}&#92;,&#92;, &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;, = &#92;,3&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}' title='f&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;,3x^2 &#92;, - &#92;frac{3}{{2&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, - &#92;,2} }}&#92;,&#92;, &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;, = &#92;,3&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Khi đó : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+1%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%281%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C1%7D%7D%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cf%27%281%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(1)}}{{x&#92;, - &#92;,1}}&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(1)}}{{x&#92;, - &#92;,1}}&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{3}{2}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Ví dụ 2:</span> Tính giới hạn sau:</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3Dlatex%5Cmathop%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx%5Cto+1%7D%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B5%5C%2C-+x%5E3%7D-%5C%2C%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7B%7Bx%5E2%5C%2C%2B%5C%2C7%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%5E2-1%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=latex&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x&#92;to 1}&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {5&#92;,- x^3}-&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2&#92;,+&#92;,7}}}}{{x^2-1}}' title='L=latex&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x&#92;to 1}&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {5&#92;,- x^3}-&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2&#92;,+&#92;,7}}}}{{x^2-1}}' class='latex' />    (ĐHTC Kế Toán 2001)</p></blockquote>
<p><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Lời giải:</span></em></p>
<blockquote><p>Viết giới hạn trên dưới dạng<br />
<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+1%7D%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B5%5C%2C+-+x%5E3%7D-%5C%2C%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7B%7Bx%5E2+%5C%2C%2B%5C%2C7%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7Bx-1%7D%7D.%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bx%2B1%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1}&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {5&#92;, - x^3}-&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2 &#92;,+&#92;,7}}}}{{x-1}}.&#92;frac{1}{{x+1}}' title='&#92;mathop{&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1}&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {5&#92;, - x^3}-&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2 &#92;,+&#92;,7}}}}{{x-1}}.&#92;frac{1}{{x+1}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B5+-+%5C%2Cx%5E3+%7D+%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7B%7Bx%5E2+%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C7%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)&#92;, =&#92;,&#92;sqrt {5 - &#92;,x^3 } &#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2 &#92;, + &#92;,7}}' title='f(x)&#92;, =&#92;,&#92;sqrt {5 - &#92;,x^3 } &#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sqrt[3]{{x^2 &#92;, + &#92;,7}}' class='latex' />, ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%281%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(1)=0' title='f(1)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B3x%5E2+%7D%7D%7B%7B2%5Csqrt+%7B5+-+x%5E2+%7D+%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B2x%7D%7D%7B%7B3%5Csqrt%5B3%5D%7B%7B%28x%5E2+%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C7%29%5E2+%7D%7D%7D%7D+%5CRightarrow+f%27%281%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B11%7D%7D%7B%7B12%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;frac{{3x^2 }}{{2&#92;sqrt {5 - x^2 } }}&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{{2x}}{{3&#92;sqrt[3]{{(x^2 &#92;, + &#92;,7)^2 }}}} &#92;Rightarrow f&#039;(1)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{{11}}{{12}}' title='f&#039;(x)&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;frac{{3x^2 }}{{2&#92;sqrt {5 - x^2 } }}&#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;,&#92;frac{{2x}}{{3&#92;sqrt[3]{{(x^2 &#92;, + &#92;,7)^2 }}}} &#92;Rightarrow f&#039;(1)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{{11}}{{12}}' class='latex' /><br />
Khi đó <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=' title='L=' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+1%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29+-+f%281%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+1%7D%7D.%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7Bx+%2B+1%7D%7D%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2Cf%27%281%29%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B11%7D%7D%7B%7B24%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{{f(x) - f(1)}}{{x - 1}}.&#92;frac{1}{{x + 1}}&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;frac{1}{2}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;frac{{11}}{{24}}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 1} &#92;frac{{f(x) - f(1)}}{{x - 1}}.&#92;frac{1}{{x + 1}}&#92;, = &#92;,f&#039;(1)&#92;frac{1}{2}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;frac{{11}}{{24}}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Ví dụ 3</span>: Tính giới hạn sau: (ĐHGT-1998)</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Lời giải:</span></em></p>
<blockquote><p>Viết giới hạn trên dưới dạng</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{x}}}{{&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}{x}}}' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{x}}}{{&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}{x}}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)&#92;, = &#92;,1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x' title='f(x)&#92;, = &#92;,1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x' class='latex' />, ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%280%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(0)=0' title='f(0)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Ccos+x+%5CRightarrow+%5C%2Cf%27%280%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{1}{{&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }}&#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;cos x &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,f&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;,0' title='f&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{1}{{&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }}&#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;cos x &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,f&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;,0' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='g(x)&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x' title='g(x)&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x' class='latex' />, ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%280%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='g(0)=0' title='g(0)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=g%27%28x%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B%7B2%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%7D%7D%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C1%5C%2C%5C%2C+%5CRightarrow+%5C%2Cg%27%280%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C+-+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B4%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='g&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{{2&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} }}&#92;, - &#92;,1&#92;,&#92;, &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,g&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{1}{4}' title='g&#039;(x)&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{3}{{2&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} }}&#92;, - &#92;,1&#92;,&#92;, &#92;Rightarrow &#92;,g&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;, - &#92;frac{1}{4}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Khi đó: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%280%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C0%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7Bg%28x%29%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cg%280%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%5C%2C0%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%27%280%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bg%27%280%29%7D%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(0)}}{{x&#92;, - &#92;,0}}}}{{&#92;frac{{g(x)&#92;, - &#92;,g(0)}}{{x - &#92;,0}}}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{{f&#039;(0)}}{{g&#039;(0)}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,0' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(0)}}{{x&#92;, - &#92;,0}}}}{{&#92;frac{{g(x)&#92;, - &#92;,g(0)}}{{x - &#92;,0}}}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{{f&#039;(0)}}{{g&#039;(0)}}&#92;,&#92;, = &#92;,0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Nhận xét </strong></em></span></span>: <span style="color:#ff0000;">Để tính giới hạn trên bằng phương pháp thông thường ta làm như sau</span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' title='&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29%5C%2C%3A%5C%2C%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{x})&#92;,:&#92;,(&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}{x})' title='(&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{x})&#92;,:&#92;,(&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}{x})' class='latex' /><br />
=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29%5C%2C%3A%5C%2C%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }}{x}&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x})&#92;,:&#92;,(&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;,}}{x}&#92;, - &#92;,1)' title='(&#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }}{x}&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x})&#92;,:&#92;,(&#92;frac{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;,}}{x}&#92;, - &#92;,1)' class='latex' /><br />
=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+2x%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%281%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%29%7D%7D+%2B+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29%3A%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B3x%7D%7D%7B%7Bx%28%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C2%29%7D%7D%5C%2C+-+1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;frac{{ - 2x}}{{x(1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} )}} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{{3x}}{{x(&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2)}}&#92;, - 1)' title='(&#92;frac{{ - 2x}}{{x(1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} )}} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{{3x}}{{x(&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2)}}&#92;, - 1)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+2%7D%7D%7B%7B1%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%7D%7D+%2B+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29%3A%28%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C2%7D%7D%5C%2C+-+1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;frac{{ - 2}}{{1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{3}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2}}&#92;, - 1)' title='(&#92;frac{{ - 2}}{{1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{3}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2}}&#92;, - 1)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Do đó :<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B1%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+-+%5C%2C2%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{1&#92;, - &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;,&#92;sin x}}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, - &#92;,2&#92;, - &#92;,x}}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%28%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+2%7D%7D%7B%7B1%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C%5Csqrt+%7B2x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C1%7D+%7D%7D+%2B+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Csin+x%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%29%3A%28%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+%7B3x%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C4%7D+%5C%2C%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2C2%7D%7D%5C%2C+-+1%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} (&#92;frac{{ - 2}}{{1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{3}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2}}&#92;, - 1)=0' title='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} (&#92;frac{{ - 2}}{{1&#92;, + &#92;,&#92;sqrt {2x&#92;, + &#92;,1} }} + &#92;,&#92;frac{{&#92;sin x}}{x}):(&#92;frac{3}{{&#92;sqrt {3x&#92;, + &#92;,4} &#92;,&#92;, + &#92;,2}}&#92;, - 1)=0' class='latex' /><br />
<span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong></strong></span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Ví dụ 4:</span> Tính giới hạn sau</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=K%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+%7Ba%7D%7D%28%7Ba%7D-x%29%5Ctan+%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7B2a%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='K=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {a}}({a}-x)&#92;tan &#92;frac{&#92;pi x}{2a}' title='K=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {a}}({a}-x)&#92;tan &#92;frac{&#92;pi x}{2a}' class='latex' />, <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%5Cne+%5C%2C0%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a&#92;ne &#92;,0)' title='(a&#92;ne &#92;,0)' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Lời giải:</em></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Viết lại giới hạn trên như sau:</p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+1%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Ccot+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7D%7B%7B2%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+1%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Ccot+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7D%7B%7B2%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {&#92;rm{a}}} &#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;frac{{&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}{{x - {&#92;rm{a}}}}}}&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {&#92;rm{a}}} &#92;frac{{&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}{{x - {&#92;rm{a}}}}}}' title='=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {&#92;rm{a}}} &#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;frac{{&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}{{x - {&#92;rm{a}}}}}}&#92;, = &#92;,&#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {&#92;rm{a}}} &#92;frac{{&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}{{x - {&#92;rm{a}}}}}}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29+%3D%5Ccot+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7D%7B%7B2%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x) =&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}' title='f(x) =&#92;cot &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}' class='latex' />,ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f({&#92;rm{a}})&#92;, = &#92;,0' title='f({&#92;rm{a}})&#92;, = &#92;,0' class='latex' />,<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28x%29+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi+%7D%7B%7B2%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+1%7D%7D%7B%7B%5Csin+%5E2+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7D%7B%7B2%7B%5Crm%7Ba%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%7D%5C%2C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(x) = &#92;frac{&#92;pi }{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}&#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;sin ^2 &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}&#92;,' title='f&#039;(x) = &#92;frac{&#92;pi }{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}&#92;frac{{ - 1}}{{&#92;sin ^2 &#92;frac{{&#92;pi x}}{{2{&#92;rm{a}}}}}}&#92;,' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CRightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Rightarrow' title='&#92;Rightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%28a%29%5C%2C%3D%5C%2C%5Cfrac%7B-%5Cpi%7D%7B2a%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(a)&#92;,=&#92;,&#92;frac{-&#92;pi}{2a}' title='f&#039;(a)&#92;,=&#92;,&#92;frac{-&#92;pi}{2a}' class='latex' />,  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+%7Ba%7D%7D%5Cfrac%7B%5Ccot+%5Cfrac%7B%5Cpi+x%7D%7B2a%7D%7D%7Bx-a%7D%3Df%27%28a%29%3D%5Cfrac%7B-%5Cpi%7D%7B2a%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {a}}&#92;frac{&#92;cot &#92;frac{&#92;pi x}{2a}}{x-a}=f&#039;(a)=&#92;frac{-&#92;pi}{2a}' title='&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to {a}}&#92;frac{&#92;cot &#92;frac{&#92;pi x}{2a}}{x-a}=f&#039;(a)=&#92;frac{-&#92;pi}{2a}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Khi đó : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=K%3D%5Cfrac%7B2%5Cpi%7D%7Ba%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='K=&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{a}' title='K=&#92;frac{2&#92;pi}{a}' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Ví dụ 5:</span> Tính giới hạn sau</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3D%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%28e%5Ex+%5C%2C+%2B+%5C%2Cx%29%5E%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} (e^x &#92;, + &#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' title='L=&#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} (e^x &#92;, + &#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' class='latex' />    (dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1%5E%5Cinfty&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='1^&#92;infty' title='1^&#92;infty' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Lời giải:</em></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3D%28e%5Ex%2B%5C%2Cx%29%5E%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y=(e^x+&#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' title='y=(e^x+&#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' class='latex' /> Lấy lôgarit ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=y%3D+%28e%5Ex%2B%5C%2Cx%29%5E%7B%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7Bx%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='y= (e^x+&#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' title='y= (e^x+&#92;,x)^{&#92;frac{1}{x}}' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CRightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Rightarrow' title='&#92;Rightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cln+y&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ln y' title='&#92;ln y' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cln%28e%5E%7Bx%7D%2Bx%29%7D%7Bx%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;ln(e^{x}+x)}{x}' title='&#92;frac{&#92;ln(e^{x}+x)}{x}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Xét <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%28x%29%5C%2C%3D%5C%2C%7B%5Crm%7Bln%28e%7D%7D%5Ex+%7B%5Crm%7B%2B%7D%7Dx%7B%5Crm%7B%29%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(x)&#92;,=&#92;,{&#92;rm{ln(e}}^x {&#92;rm{+}}x{&#92;rm{)}}' title='f(x)&#92;,=&#92;,{&#92;rm{ln(e}}^x {&#92;rm{+}}x{&#92;rm{)}}' class='latex' />. Ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%280%29%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f(0)=0' title='f(0)=0' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=f%27%280%29%5C%2C+%3D+%5C%2C2+%5CRightarrow+%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim+%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%7B%5Crm%7Bln%28e%7D%7D%5Ex+%7B%5Crm%7B%2B%7D%7Dx%7B%5Crm%7B%29%7D%7D%7D%7D%7Bx%7D%5C%2C%5C%2C+%3D%5C%2C%5C%2C%5Cmathop+%7B%5Clim%7D%5Climits_%7Bx+%5Cto+0%7D%5Cfrac%7B%7Bf%28x%29%5C%2C+-+%5C%2Cf%280%29%7D%7D%7B%7Bx+-+0%7D%7D%5C%2C%3D%5C%2Cf%27%280%29%5C%2C%3D%5C%2C2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='f&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;,2 &#92;Rightarrow &#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{{&#92;rm{ln(e}}^x {&#92;rm{+}}x{&#92;rm{)}}}}{x}&#92;,&#92;, =&#92;,&#92;,&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0}&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(0)}}{{x - 0}}&#92;,=&#92;,f&#039;(0)&#92;,=&#92;,2' title='f&#039;(0)&#92;, = &#92;,2 &#92;Rightarrow &#92;mathop {&#92;lim }&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0} &#92;frac{{{&#92;rm{ln(e}}^x {&#92;rm{+}}x{&#92;rm{)}}}}{x}&#92;,&#92;, =&#92;,&#92;,&#92;mathop {&#92;lim}&#92;limits_{x &#92;to 0}&#92;frac{{f(x)&#92;, - &#92;,f(0)}}{{x - 0}}&#92;,=&#92;,f&#039;(0)&#92;,=&#92;,2' class='latex' /><br />
Do đó :<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=L%3De%5E2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='L=e^2' title='L=e^2' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
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		<title>Bài tập số phức</title>
		<link>http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/2009/03/16/bai-t%e1%ba%adp-s%e1%bb%91-ph%e1%bb%a9c/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 11:50:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Số phức]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://npanhhung.wordpress.com/?p=806</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Bài tập 1: Thực hiện các phép tính sau:       (*) Lời giải:             Nhân tử và mẫu của phân thức với             Khi đó (*) trở thành =                              Chú ý:   Thông thường những dạng bài tập như trên ta thường biến đổi để &#8221;mẫu&#8221; là một số thực. Bài tập 2: Giải các phương [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=806&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bài tập 1: </span><span style="color:#000080;">Thực hiện các phép tính sau:</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%28+%7B3+%2B+2i%7D+%5Cright%29%281+-+3i%29%7D%7B1%2Bi%5Csqrt+3%7D%2B%5Cleft%28%7B2-+i%7D+%5Cright%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;left( {3 + 2i} &#92;right)(1 - 3i)}{1+i&#92;sqrt 3}+&#92;left({2- i} &#92;right)' title='&#92;frac{&#92;left( {3 + 2i} &#92;right)(1 - 3i)}{1+i&#92;sqrt 3}+&#92;left({2- i} &#92;right)' class='latex' />      (*)</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Lời giải:</span></strong></em></span></p>
<p>            Nhân tử và mẫu của phân thức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%5Cleft%28%7B3%2B2i%7D+%5Cright%29%5Cleft%28%7B1-+3i%7D+%5Cright%29%7D%7B1%2B+i%5Csqrt+3+%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{&#92;left({3+2i} &#92;right)&#92;left({1- 3i} &#92;right)}{1+ i&#92;sqrt 3 }' title='&#92;frac{&#92;left({3+2i} &#92;right)&#92;left({1- 3i} &#92;right)}{1+ i&#92;sqrt 3 }' class='latex' /> với <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=1+-+i%5Csqrt+3+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 ' title='1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 ' class='latex' /></p>
<p>            Khi đó (*) trở thành <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7B%5Cleft%28+%7B3+%2B+2i%7D+%5Cright%29%281+-+3i%29%281+-+i%5Csqrt+3+%29%7D%7D%7B%7B%281+%2B+i%5Csqrt+3+%29%281+-+i%5Csqrt+3+%29%7D%7D+%2B+%5Cleft%28+%7B2+-+i%7D+%5Cright%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{&#92;left( {3 + 2i} &#92;right)(1 - 3i)(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}}{{(1 + i&#92;sqrt 3 )(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}} + &#92;left( {2 - i} &#92;right)' title='&#92;frac{{&#92;left( {3 + 2i} &#92;right)(1 - 3i)(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}}{{(1 + i&#92;sqrt 3 )(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}} + &#92;left( {2 - i} &#92;right)' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B%7B%289+-+7i%29%281+-+i%5Csqrt+3+%29%7D%7D%7B4%7D+%2B+%5Cleft%28+%7B2+-+i%7D+%5Cright%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{{(9 - 7i)(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}}{4} + &#92;left( {2 - i} &#92;right)' title='&#92;frac{{(9 - 7i)(1 - i&#92;sqrt 3 )}}{4} + &#92;left( {2 - i} &#92;right)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>                             <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B%289+-+7%5Csqrt+3+%29+-+%287+%2B+9%5Csqrt+3+%29i+%2B+4%282+-+i%29%7D%7D%7B4%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='= &#92;frac{{(9 - 7&#92;sqrt 3 ) - (7 + 9&#92;sqrt 3 )i + 4(2 - i)}}{4}' title='= &#92;frac{{(9 - 7&#92;sqrt 3 ) - (7 + 9&#92;sqrt 3 )i + 4(2 - i)}}{4}' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%3D%5Cfrac%7B%7B17+-+7%5Csqrt+3+%7D%7D%7B4%7D+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B11+%2B+9%5Csqrt+3+%7D%7D%7B4%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='=&#92;frac{{17 - 7&#92;sqrt 3 }}{4} - &#92;frac{{11 + 9&#92;sqrt 3 }}{4}i' title='=&#92;frac{{17 - 7&#92;sqrt 3 }}{4} - &#92;frac{{11 + 9&#92;sqrt 3 }}{4}i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Chú ý:</strong></span></em>   </span><span style="color:#ff6600;"><em><strong>Thông thường những dạng bài tập như trên ta thường biến đổi để &#8221;mẫu&#8221; là một số thực.</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Bài tập 2:</strong></span> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Giải các phương trình sau trên tập số phức (<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%5Cin+C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x &#92;in C' title='x &#92;in C' class='latex' />)</span></strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><span id="more-806"></span><strong></strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p>a) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283+-+5i%29%2B%5Csqrt+2+x%3D%281+%2B+2i%29%283+%2B+4i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3 - 5i)+&#92;sqrt 2 x=(1 + 2i)(3 + 4i)' title='(3 - 5i)+&#92;sqrt 2 x=(1 + 2i)(3 + 4i)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>b) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283+-+7i%29%2B2%7B%5Crm%7Bix%7D%7D%3D%284+-+i%29%285+%2B+2i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3 - 7i)+2{&#92;rm{ix}}=(4 - i)(5 + 2i)' title='(3 - 7i)+2{&#92;rm{ix}}=(4 - i)(5 + 2i)' class='latex' /></p>
<p>c) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2ix%2B3%3D5x%2B4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2ix+3=5x+4i' title='2ix+3=5x+4i' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Lời giải:</strong></em></span></p>
<p><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em>Cách giải 1:</em></span></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>a) </strong><strong>Rút gọn vế phải sau đó trừ hai vế cho (3-5i) ta được:</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283+-+5i%29%2B%5Csqrt+2+x%3D-5+%2B+10i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3 - 5i)+&#92;sqrt 2 x=-5 + 10i' title='(3 - 5i)+&#92;sqrt 2 x=-5 + 10i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csqrt+2+x%3D-+5+%2B+10i+-+%283+-+5i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;sqrt 2 x=- 5 + 10i - (3 - 5i)' title='&#92;sqrt 2 x=- 5 + 10i - (3 - 5i)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Csqrt+2+x%3D-+8+%2B+15i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;sqrt 2 x=- 8 + 15i' title='&#92;sqrt 2 x=- 8 + 15i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Nhân hai vế cho <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%7B%5Csqrt+2+%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;sqrt 2 }}' title='&#92;frac{1}{{&#92;sqrt 2 }}' class='latex' /> </strong><strong>, ta được:</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B%5Csqrt+2%7D%28-8%2B15i%29%3D-+2%5Csqrt+2%2B%5Cfrac%7B15%7D%7B%5Csqrt+2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=&#92;frac{1}{&#92;sqrt 2}(-8+15i)=- 2&#92;sqrt 2+&#92;frac{15}{&#92;sqrt 2}i' title='x=&#92;frac{1}{&#92;sqrt 2}(-8+15i)=- 2&#92;sqrt 2+&#92;frac{15}{&#92;sqrt 2}i' class='latex' /><br />
</span></p></blockquote>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">b) Làm tương tự câu a), ta được.</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2%7B%5Crm%7Bix%7D%7D%3D19+%2B+10i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2{&#92;rm{ix}}=19 + 10i' title='2{&#92;rm{ix}}=19 + 10i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Chú ý rằnh <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=i%5E2%3D-1&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='i^2=-1' title='i^2=-1' class='latex' /> , do đó để có được <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' /> <span lang="VI">ta nhân <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2' title='2' class='latex' /> vế với</span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='-&#92;frac{1}{2}i' title='-&#92;frac{1}{2}i' class='latex' />, ta được:</span></span></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-+%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Di.2%7B%5Crm%7Bix%7D%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='- &#92;frac{1}{2}i.2{&#92;rm{ix}}' title='- &#92;frac{1}{2}i.2{&#92;rm{ix}}' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-%5Cfrac%7B1%7D%7B2%7Di%2819+%2B+10i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='-&#92;frac{1}{2}i(19 + 10i)' title='-&#92;frac{1}{2}i(19 + 10i)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=5-%5Cfrac%7B%7B19%7D%7D%7B2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='5-&#92;frac{{19}}{2}i' title='5-&#92;frac{{19}}{2}i' class='latex' /></p>
<p> <span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Cách giải 2 câu b):</span></em></span></p>
<p> <span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Đặt <span style="font-size:small;"><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%3D+a+%2B+bi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x = a + bi' title='x = a + bi' class='latex' /></span></span></strong><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="VI"><strong><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">, ta có:</span></strong></span></span></p>
<p>  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283+-+7i%29+%2B+2i%28a+%2B+bi%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3 - 7i) + 2i(a + bi)' title='(3 - 7i) + 2i(a + bi)' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%284-+i%29%285%2B2i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(4- i)(5+2i)' title='(4- i)(5+2i)' class='latex' /><br />
  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283+-+2b%29+%2B+%282a+-+7%29i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3 - 2b) + (2a - 7)i' title='(3 - 2b) + (2a - 7)i' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=22+%2B+3i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='22 + 3i' title='22 + 3i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283-7i%29%2B2%7B%5Crm%7Bix%7D%7D%3D%284-i%29%285%2B2i%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3-7i)+2{&#92;rm{ix}}=(4-i)(5+2i)' title='(3-7i)+2{&#92;rm{ix}}=(4-i)(5+2i)' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#0000ff;">Theo tính chất của 2 số phức bằng nhau ta có:</span></strong></p>
<p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+3+-+2b+%3D+22+%5C%5C+2a+-+7+%3D+3+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} 3 - 2b = 22 &#92;&#92; 2a - 7 = 3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} 3 - 2b = 22 &#92;&#92; 2a - 7 = 3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7Da+%3D+5+%5C%5C+b+%3D+%5Cfrac%7B%7B+-+19%7D%7D%7B2%7D+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l}a = 5 &#92;&#92; b = &#92;frac{{ - 19}}{2} &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l}a = 5 &#92;&#92; b = &#92;frac{{ - 19}}{2} &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Vậy <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%3D+a+%2B+bi+%3D+5+-+%5Cfrac%7B%7B19%7D%7D%7B2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x = a + bi = 5 - &#92;frac{{19}}{2}i' title='x = a + bi = 5 - &#92;frac{{19}}{2}i' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>c) <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2ix%2B3%3D5x%2B4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2ix+3=5x+4i' title='2ix+3=5x+4i' class='latex' /></strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Cách giải 1:</span></em></span></p>
<p>Chuyển vế , ta được : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i%3D%285-2i%29x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i=(5-2i)x' title='3-4i=(5-2i)x' class='latex' /></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Để có được</strong><strong> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x' title='x' class='latex' /></strong><strong> ở vế phải, chúng ta sử dụng tính chất </strong></span></p></blockquote>
<p>               <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a+-+bi%29%28a+%2B+bi%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a - bi)(a + bi)' title='(a - bi)(a + bi)' class='latex' />=<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%5E%7B2%7D%2Bb%5E%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a^{2}+b^{2}' title='a^{2}+b^{2}' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Nhân hai vế cho <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=5%2B2i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='5+2i' title='5+2i' class='latex' /> , ta được:</p>
<p>             <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%283-4i%29%285%2B2i%29%3D%285%2B2i%29%285-2i%29x&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(3-4i)(5+2i)=(5+2i)(5-2i)x' title='(3-4i)(5+2i)=(5+2i)(5-2i)x' class='latex' /></p>
<p>             <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=29x%3D23-14i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='29x=23-14i' title='29x=23-14i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>             <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow ' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D%5Cfrac%7B23%7D%7B29%7D-%5Cfrac%7B14%7D%7B29%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=&#92;frac{23}{29}-&#92;frac{14}{29}i' title='x=&#92;frac{23}{29}-&#92;frac{14}{29}i' class='latex' /></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff6600;"><em><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Cách giải 2</span>:</span></em></span><strong> <span style="color:#0000ff;">Đặt <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x+%3D+a+%2B+bi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x = a + bi' title='x = a + bi' class='latex' /> và sử dụng tính chất của 2 số phức bằng nhau để tìm </span></strong></p></blockquote>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bài tập 3:  <span style="color:#000080;">Giải phương trình: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%5E2-3x%2B5%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x^2-3x+5=0' title='x^2-3x+5=0' class='latex' /></span></span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><span style="text-decoration:underline;">Lời giải:</span></em></span></p></blockquote>
<p>Ta có  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3D9-20%3D-11%3D11i%5E2&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta=9-20=-11=11i^2' title='&#92;Delta=9-20=-11=11i^2' class='latex' /> </p>
<p>             Phương trình có hai nghiệm phức</p>
<p>                            <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_1%3D%5Cfrac%7B3+-+i%5Csqrt+%7B11%7D+%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D-%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt+%7B11%7D%7D%7B2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_1=&#92;frac{3 - i&#92;sqrt {11} }{2}=&#92;frac{3}{2}-&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}i' title='x_1=&#92;frac{3 - i&#92;sqrt {11} }{2}=&#92;frac{3}{2}-&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}i' class='latex' />; <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x_2%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%2Bi%5Csqrt+%7B11%7D%7D%7B2%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7B3%7D%7B2%7D%2B%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt+%7B11%7D%7D%7B2%7Di&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x_2=&#92;frac{3+i&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}=&#92;frac{3}{2}+&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}i' title='x_2=&#92;frac{3+i&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}=&#92;frac{3}{2}+&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt {11}}{2}i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">Bài tập 4:</span> <span style="color:#000080;">Tìm căn bậc hai của số phức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3%2B4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3+4i' title='3+4i' class='latex' /></span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Lời giải:</strong></em></span></p>
<p>Gọi số phức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Bbi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a+bi' title='a+bi' class='latex' /> (nếu có ) là căn bậc hai của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i' title='3-4i' class='latex' />, khi đó ta có</p>
<p>                                 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%2Bbi%29%5E2%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a+bi)^2=3-4i' title='(a+bi)^2=3-4i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+a%5E2%2B2abi%2B%28bi%29%5E2%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^2+2abi+(bi)^2=3-4i' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^2+2abi+(bi)^2=3-4i' class='latex' /><br />
        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+a%5E%7B2%7D-b%5E%7B2%7D%2B2abi%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^{2}-b^{2}+2abi=3-4i' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^{2}-b^{2}+2abi=3-4i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Từ đẳng thức trên suy ra hệ phương trình</p>
<p>        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%5E%7B2%7D-b%5E%7B2%7D%3D3+%5C%5C+2ab%3D-4+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a^{2}-b^{2}=3 &#92;&#92; 2ab=-4 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a^{2}-b^{2}=3 &#92;&#92; 2ab=-4 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>        <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D%5Cfrac%7B-2%7D%7Bb%7D+%5C%5C+%28%5Cfrac%7B-2%7D%7Bb%7D%29%5E2-b%5E2%3D3+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=&#92;frac{-2}{b} &#92;&#92; (&#92;frac{-2}{b})^2-b^2=3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=&#92;frac{-2}{b} &#92;&#92; (&#92;frac{-2}{b})^2-b^2=3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Giải hệ ta được:  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D-2+%5C%5C+b%3D1+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=-2 &#92;&#92; b=1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=-2 &#92;&#92; b=1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D2+%5C%5C+b%3D-1+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=2 &#92;&#92; b=-1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=2 &#92;&#92; b=-1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>          <span style="color:#000080;">Vậy có hai căn bậc hai của số phức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i' title='3-4i' class='latex' /> là : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-2%2Bi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='-2+i' title='-2+i' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2-i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2-i' title='2-i' class='latex' /></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Bài tập 5:</strong></span> <span style="color:#000080;"><strong>Giải phương trình sau trên tập số phức.</strong></span></p>
<blockquote><p><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=z%5E2-%5Csqrt+%7B3%7D+z%2B+i%3D0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='z^2-&#92;sqrt {3} z+ i=0' title='z^2-&#92;sqrt {3} z+ i=0' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><em>Lời giải:</em></strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>Ta có : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta=3-4i' title='&#92;Delta=3-4i' class='latex' /></li>
<li>Tìm căn bậc hai của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i' title='3-4i' class='latex' /></li>
</ul>
<p>Gọi số phức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a%2Bbi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a+bi' title='a+bi' class='latex' /> (nếu có ) là căn bậc hai của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i' title='3-4i' class='latex' />, khi đó ta có</p>
<p>                   <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28a%2Bbi%29%5E2%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(a+bi)^2=3-4i' title='(a+bi)^2=3-4i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>       <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+a%5E2%2B2abi%2B%28bi%29%5E2%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^2+2abi+(bi)^2=3-4i' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^2+2abi+(bi)^2=3-4i' class='latex' /><br />
      <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow+a%5E%7B2%7D-b%5E%7B2%7D%2B2abi%3D3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^{2}-b^{2}+2abi=3-4i' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow a^{2}-b^{2}+2abi=3-4i' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Từ đẳng thức trên suy ra hệ phương trình</p>
<p>          <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%5E%7B2%7D-b%5E%7B2%7D%3D3+%5C%5C+2ab%3D-4+%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a^{2}-b^{2}=3 &#92;&#92; 2ab=-4 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a^{2}-b^{2}=3 &#92;&#92; 2ab=-4 &#92;end{array}&#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>          <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CLeftrightarrow&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Leftrightarrow' title='&#92;Leftrightarrow' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D%5Cfrac%7B-2%7D%7Bb%7D+%5C%5C+%28%5Cfrac%7B-2%7D%7Bb%7D%29%5E2-b%5E2%3D3+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=&#92;frac{-2}{b} &#92;&#92; (&#92;frac{-2}{b})^2-b^2=3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=&#92;frac{-2}{b} &#92;&#92; (&#92;frac{-2}{b})^2-b^2=3 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Giải hệ ta được:  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D-2+%5C%5C+b%3D1+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=-2 &#92;&#92; b=1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=-2 &#92;&#92; b=1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+a%3D2+%5C%5C+b%3D-1+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=2 &#92;&#92; b=-1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} a=2 &#92;&#92; b=-1 &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Có  hai căn bậc hai của số phức <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=3-4i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='3-4i' title='3-4i' class='latex' /> là : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=-2%2Bi&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='-2+i' title='-2+i' class='latex' /> và <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=2-i&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='2-i' title='2-i' class='latex' /></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#000080;">Vậy phương trình đã cho có các nghiệm</span> </strong><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=x%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5Csqrt%7B3%7D%5Cpm%28-2%2Bi%29%7D%7B2%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='x=&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt{3}&#92;pm(-2+i)}{2}' title='x=&#92;frac{&#92;sqrt{3}&#92;pm(-2+i)}{2}' class='latex' /></p>
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		<title>Phương trình đường thẳng trong không gian</title>
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		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2009 17:06:04 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[PT đường thẳng(Oxyz)]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Toán 12]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[PHƯƠNG TRÌNH THAM SỐ CỦA ĐƯỜNG THẲNG Đường thẳng  đi qua điểm  và có vectơ chỉ phương  là phương trình có dạng           (trong đó  t là tham số) Chú ý:  Nếu thì  có dạng  gọi là phương trình chính tắc Ví dụ 1: Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng  đi qua điểm [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=npanhhung.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4773076&amp;post=748&amp;subd=npanhhung&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p align="center"><strong><span style="color:#ff0000;">PHƯƠNG TRÌNH THAM SỐ CỦA ĐƯỜNG THẲNG</span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>Đường thẳng  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' />đi qua điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0+%28x_0+%3By_0+%3Bz_0+%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' title='M_0 (x_0 ;y_0 ;z_0 )' class='latex' /> và có vectơ chỉ phương <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%28a_%7B1%7D%3Ba_%7B2%7D%3Ba_%7B3%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_{1};a_{2};a_{3})' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(a_{1};a_{2};a_{3})' class='latex' /> là phương trình có dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3Dx_%7B0%7D%2Ba_%7B1%7Dt+%5C%5C+y%3Dy_%7B0%7D%2Ba_%7B2%7Dt+%5C%5C+z%3Dz_%7Bo%7D%2Ba_%7B3%7Dt+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_{0}+a_{1}t &#92;&#92; y=y_{0}+a_{2}t &#92;&#92; z=z_{o}+a_{3}t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=x_{0}+a_{1}t &#92;&#92; y=y_{0}+a_{2}t &#92;&#92; z=z_{o}+a_{3}t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' />       <span> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%7Bt+%5Cin+R%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( {t &#92;in R})' title='( {t &#92;in R})' class='latex' /></span></strong></span><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>  (trong đó  t là tham số)</strong></span></p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="text-decoration:underline;"><em><strong>Chú ý:</strong></em></span></span> </p>
<p><span id="more-748"></span></p>
<p>Nếu <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=a_1+%3Ba_2+%3Ba_3&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='a_1 ;a_2 ;a_3' title='a_1 ;a_2 ;a_3' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cne+0&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;ne 0' title='&#92;ne 0' class='latex' />thì <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> có dạng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cfrac%7Bx+-+x_0+%7D%7Ba_1+%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7By+-+y_0+%7D%7Ba_2+%7D%3D%5Cfrac%7Bz+-+z_0+%7D%7Ba_3+%7D&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;frac{x - x_0 }{a_1 }=&#92;frac{y - y_0 }{a_2 }=&#92;frac{z - z_0 }{a_3 }' title='&#92;frac{x - x_0 }{a_1 }=&#92;frac{y - y_0 }{a_2 }=&#92;frac{z - z_0 }{a_3 }' class='latex' /> gọi là phương trình chính tắc</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;"><em><strong>Ví dụ 1: </strong></em></span><strong><span style="color:#ff6600;">Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> đi qua điểm <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=M_0+%28-1%3B2%3B1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='M_0 (-1;2;1)' title='M_0 (-1;2;1)' class='latex' /> và có vectơ chỉ phương là <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%282%3B-3%3B-1%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(2;-3;-1)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(2;-3;-1)' class='latex' /><br />
</span><span style="color:#800000;">           <span style="text-decoration:underline;">Giải:</span></span></strong></p>
<blockquote><p>Phương trình tham số của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> là : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D-1%2B2t+%5C%5C+y%3D2-3t+%5C%5C+z%3D1-t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1+2t &#92;&#92; y=2-3t &#92;&#92; z=1-t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1+2t &#92;&#92; y=2-3t &#92;&#92; z=1-t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%7Bt+%5Cin+R%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( {t &#92;in R})' title='( {t &#92;in R})' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><strong><em><span style="color:#800000;">Ví dụ 2:</span> </em><span style="color:#ff6600;">Viết phương trình tham số của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' />qua hai điểm A(-1;2;1) và B(-3;0;3)</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#ff0000;"><em><strong>Nhận xét</strong></em>:</span> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7BAB%7D+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {AB} ' title='&#92;overrightarrow {AB} ' class='latex' /> nằm trên  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' />nên là một vecto chỉ phương của <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> .</p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">          <span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Giải:</strong></span></span></p>
<blockquote><p>Đường thẳng  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' />   có vectơ chỉ phương  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+%7BAB%7D%3D%28-2%3B-2%3B2%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow {AB}=(-2;-2;2)' title='&#92;overrightarrow {AB}=(-2;-2;2)' class='latex' /> và đi qua A(-1;2;3)</p>
<p>Phương trình tham số của đường thẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> là : <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D-1-2t+%5C%5C+y+%3D2-2t+%5C%5C+z%3D1%2B2t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1-2t &#92;&#92; y =2-2t &#92;&#92; z=1+2t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=-1-2t &#92;&#92; y =2-2t &#92;&#92; z=1+2t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%7Bt+%5Cin+R%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( {t &#92;in R})' title='( {t &#92;in R})' class='latex' /></p>
<p>Ngoài ra còn có thể chọn đi qua B(-3;0;1). PTTS có dạng: <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D-3-2t+%5C%5C+y%3D-2t+%5C%5C+z%3D1%2B2t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=-3-2t &#92;&#92; y=-2t &#92;&#92; z=1+2t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{&#92;begin{array}{l} x=-3-2t &#92;&#92; y=-2t &#92;&#92; z=1+2t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%7Bt+%5Cin+R%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( {t &#92;in R})' title='( {t &#92;in R})' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
<p><em><strong><span style="color:#800000;">Ví dụ 3:</span> </strong></em><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong>Chứng minh đường thẳng<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> :  <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Cleft%5C%7B+%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bl%7D+x%3D5%2Bt+%5C%5C+y%3D-1%2B2t+%5C%5C+z%3D-4%2B3t+%5Cend%7Barray%7D+%5Cright.&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=5+t &#92;&#92; y=-1+2t &#92;&#92; z=-4+3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' title='&#92;left&#92;{ &#92;begin{array}{l} x=5+t &#92;&#92; y=-1+2t &#92;&#92; z=-4+3t &#92;end{array} &#92;right.' class='latex' /> </strong><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#ff6600;"><strong><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28+%7Bt+%5Cin+R%7D%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='( {t &#92;in R})' title='( {t &#92;in R})' class='latex' /></strong> </span></span><strong>vuông góc với mặt phẳng <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' />: 2x+4y+6z-9=0</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#800000;">           <span style="text-decoration:underline;"><strong>Giải :</strong></span></span></p>
<blockquote><p> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta+&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta ' title='&#92;Delta ' class='latex' /> có vectơ chỉ phương<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+a%3D%281%3B2%3B3%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow a=(1;2;3)' title='&#92;overrightarrow a=(1;2;3)' class='latex' /></p>
<p> <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='(&#92;alpha)' title='(&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /><img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3D%282%3B4%3B6%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=(2;4;6)' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=(2;4;6)' class='latex' /><br />
 có vecto pháp tuyến</p>
<p>Ta có <img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5Coverrightarrow+n%3D2%5Coverrightarrow+a&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;overrightarrow n=2&#92;overrightarrow a' title='&#92;overrightarrow n=2&#92;overrightarrow a' class='latex' /> , suy ra .<img src='http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=%5CDelta%5Cbot+%28%5Calpha%29&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=333333&#038;s=0' alt='&#92;Delta&#92;bot (&#92;alpha)' title='&#92;Delta&#92;bot (&#92;alpha)' class='latex' /></p></blockquote>
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